†µwWU BDwbqb gvbweK m¤úK© wbf©i Avw_©K cÖwZôvb
[†jLv I Z‡_¨i Drm : W±i dv`vi wjUb wnDevU© M‡gR, wmGmwm wdwjcvB‡bi
ivRavbx g¨vwbjv kn‡i Aew¯’Z BDwbfvwm©wU Ae mv‡šÍv Ugvm †_‡K 2007 wLªóv‡ã GgweG
(wnmveweÁvb) I 2015 wLªóv‡ã wcGBPwW (e¨emvq wkÿv) m¤§vb AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ges †bZ…Z¡, Dbœqb, Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv, †µwWU
BDwbq‡b bZzb fvev`k© wel‡q K‡qKwU M‡elYv KvR K‡i‡Qb hv ¯’vbxq I AvšÍR©vwZK
wewfbœ Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, eZ©gv‡b bUi †Wg K‡jR, XvKvKg©iZ| Zuvi M‡elYvi
Z_¨-DcvË, wePvi-we‡kølY, cÖ¯Ívebvi †gŠwjK welqmg~n Ges AwfÁZv GLv‡b ch©vqµ‡g
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|]
2000 wLªóv‡ã †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvq mvay †hv‡md
ag©cjøxi (kÖxg½j wgkb) AvIZvq wewfbœ MÖv‡g (72wU Pv evMvb, cvb cywÄ) cvjKxq
†mevKv‡R AwfÁZv AR©b Kivi†mŠfvM¨ Avgvi n‡qwQj| wewfbœ MÖv‡g GK mßvn ev `yB mßvn
Ae¯’vb K‡i ¯’vbxq mgv‡R emevmiZ gvby‡li K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I RxebhvÎv Lye Kv‡Q †_‡K
cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ| Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ DuPzwbPz cvnv‡o mywe¯ÍxY© meyR cÖvšÍ‡i cÖK…wZ I
gvby‡li wgjbmgvR, cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ K‡Vvi cwikÖgx gvbyl‡`i msMÖvgxRxeb, KL‡bv
`vwi`ª¨cxwoZ, KL‡bv Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡i wbh©vwZZ| ÿz`ª mgv‡R emevmiZ gvby‡li g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q wbijm cwikªgx g‡bvfve, AvZ¥wek¦vm I mvgvwRK eÜb| gÐjxi †bZ„e„›`,
DbœqbKg©x I wgkbvixMY cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ `wi`ª A_P mgvRe× gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK gvbweK
m¤úK© n‡Z cv‡i ÿy`ª mgvR Dbœq‡bi wfwË| cieZ©x `yÕeQi cÖwZwU MÖv‡g cweÎ wLªóhvM Drm‡M©i cici ÿz`ª
mgv‡Ri gvby‡li ev¯ÍeZv ch©‡jvPbv I DØy×KiY mfvq mK‡j GKgZ-GKcÖvY njvg †µwWU
BDwbqb †Kv-Acv‡iwUf n‡Z cv‡i gvbweK m¤úK©wbf©i mgvR Dbœq‡b Ab¨Zg Avw_©K
cÖwZôvb| 2002 wLªóv‡ã, wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi 17 Zvwi‡L ag©cjøxi K‡qKRb gvZeŸi I hye
Gwb‡gUi mg‡eZ n‡qwQj Rb¥w`‡b Avgv‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Z, ï‡f”Qv-mfvq mg‡eZ DÏxcbv Avi
cweÎ AvZ¥vi †cÖiYv‡K g~jab K‡i Ô†m›U †hv‡md †Kv-Acv‡iwUf †µwWU BDwbqbÕ Gi hvÎv
ïiæ n‡qwQj| m¤ú~Y© Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`bv wenxb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi hvÎv, Dcnvi
wn‡m‡e Avgvi wb‡Ri e¨eüZ †Pqvi-†Uwej Avi AviGbwWGg wm÷viM‡Yi c‡ÿ wm÷vi gwYKv
GKRb mgvRKg©x‡K mvgwqK mg‡q Rb¨ eivÏ K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖwZôvbwU Aí mg‡q mycÖwZwôZ I
A‡b‡Ki wbKU mycwiwPZ|
†µwWU BDwbqb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, hvi D‡Ïk¨
gvbe Rxeb Dbœqb I abx-Mix‡ei mnve¯’vb wbwðZ Kiv| hw`I †µwWU BDwbq‡bi hvÎv Avi¤¢
gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Y Avw_©K FY cÖ`v‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q wKš‘ Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b I
AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K M‡elK Ges msMVKMY m‡qi aviYwU‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| mÂq Qvov FY
cÖ`vb aviYvwU Am¤ú~Y© I SuzwKc~Y© hv mgvR Dbœqb‡K e¨vnZ K‡i _v‡K| ZvB eZ©gv‡b
mÂq I FY GB `ywU aviYv GK‡Î K‡i mÂq I FY`vb mgevq mwgwZ eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb ej‡Z mÂq I FY`v‡bi
msw¶ßiƒc‡K eySv‡bv nq| gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨
wb‡R‡`i mÂq g‡bvfve RvMÖZ ivLv, Avw_©K cÖ‡qvR‡b hyw³hy³ nv‡i FY cÖ`vb Ges m¤¢ve¨ m‡ev©”P Avw_©K †mev`vb
Kiv|
K. AvwfavwbK Zvrch©
Bs‡iwRCREDIT kãwU LATIN kã CREDERE †_‡K
G‡m‡Q| hvi A_© wek¦vm Kiv ev wbf©i Kiv| †µwWU k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A‡_©i mv‡_ wek¦vm,
mZZv, m¤§vb, mybvg, mrPwiÎ BZ¨vw` A_©
wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| M‡elYv Kv‡R Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn Ki‡Z A‡bK †µwWU BDwbq‡b wM‡qwQ Ges Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä K‡iwQ ÔAmr e¨w³ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi AZ¨šÍ N„Y¨ kÎæ|Õ BDwbqb kãwU G‡m‡Q Bs‡iwRUNION kã †_‡K hvi Øviv GKZv,
GKvZ¥Zv, wgjb, mn‡hvwMZv ev mnve¯’vb cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| wdwjcvBb †`‡k Avgvi eÜziv
hv‡`i mvgvwRK I e¨emvwqK mybvg i‡q‡Q, Avgv‡K wbgš¿Y K‡i‡Q †µwWU BDwbqb MVb A_ev
cybtMV‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z| abx I ÿgZvkvjx e¨w³eM© †µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g Mwie I
AenwjZ gvby‡li Rxebgvb Dbœ&qb Ki‡Z Pvq| Zv‡`i mw`”Qv cÖmskbxq, Ab¨w`‡K GK‡Î
mnve¯’vb g‡bvfve `ye©j _vKvq †µwWU BDwbqb mdj nqwb| †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg.
wd«wWªK DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb Gi g‡Z, †µwWU BDwbqb n‡jv Agybvdv‡fvMx cÖwZôvb wKš‘
AjvfRbK `qv-`vwÿY¨ cÖ`k©bKvix cÖwZôvb bq| AjvfRbK cÖwZôvb Aby`vbwbf©i
¯^Z¡vwaKvix, `vZvMY gvwjK Avi m`m¨/m`m¨ve„›` †fv³v ev MÖnxZv| †µwWU BDwbqb GKcÖKvi
Avw_©K mgevq cÖwZôvb| cÖK„Z gvwjK, cwiPvjK Ges wbqš¿K m`m¨MY wb‡RivB|wdwjcvBb
†`‡ki A‡bK cÖ‡`‡k e„nr I †UKmB †µwWU BDwbqb i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †hLv‡b †µwWU BDwbqb
Ab¨vb¨ ÿz`ªFY ms¯’v wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Q †mLv‡b mdj nqwb| myZivs Bs‡iwRCREDIT UNION
kã `ywUi mgš^‡q evsjvq FY`vb mwgwZ ev †µwWU BDwbqb kãwUB eûj cÖPwjZ| FY`vb
mwgwZ †¶‡Î CREDIT
kãwUi A_© `uvovq - †hLv‡b GKRb MÖnYKvix †Kvb A_© ev †fvM¨cY¨ MÖnY Kivi c~‡e©
kZ©hy³ Pzw&³i gva¨‡g Aw½Kvi K‡ib †h wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ H A_© ev cY¨mvgMÖx Drm
¯’‡j ev cÖ`vbKvix‡K †dir cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| GLv‡b MÖnYKvix I cÖ`vbKvix _vK‡e| †µwWU
BDwbqb †¶‡Î †h‡nZz mgevq ev COOPERATIVE
hy³ myZivs †mLv‡b cÖwZwU m`m¨ MÖnYKvix n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi cÖwZwU m`m¨ cÖ`vbKvixI n‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e hLb †Kvb m`m¨ MÖnYKvix f~wgKvq _v‡K ZLb †m wb‡R Pyw³e× ev Aw½Kvie× †h
M„nxZ cY¨ ev A_© kZ©c~i‡Y †dir cÖ`vb Ki‡e| MÖnxZv‡K kZ©c~i‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e wbw`©ó
mg_©K e¨w³eM©, hv‡`i Rvwgb`vi ejv nq| MÖnxZvi AcviMZvq Zviv `vqfvi mw¤§wjZfv‡e
MÖnY Ki‡e †hb †MvUv cÖwZôv‡b ev msMV‡bi ¯^v_© bó bv nq| G Rb¨ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi mv‡_
me©`v mgevq kãwU hy³ K‡i FY`vb mgevq mwgwZ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
L. Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb Abykxj‡bi w`K
mß g~jbxwZ (‡¯^”Qv
m`m¨c`, MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y, A_bxwZ‡Z AskMÖnY, c„_K mËv, mgevqx †PZbv, wkÿv I
cÖwkÿY Ges ÿz`ª mgvR MVb) †µwWU BDwbqb cwiPvjbvi g~jgš¿, `k©b I †PZbvi Drm| mß
g~jbxwZ gvbweK m¤úK© I ¸Yvewj Avbykxjb
Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i| cweÎ evB‡ej Abymv‡i cvPu nvRvi †jv‡Ki Abœ`vb wb`k©b-Kg© (‡hvnb
6:1-6) Abya¨vb K‡i Avgiv wbwðZ nB Ck¦i Avgv‡`i RvMwZK Lv`¨ `vb K‡i _v‡Kb| hxï
Dcw¯’Z †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ †QvU †Q‡ji Dcnvi iæwU I gvQ mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, abx-Mixe
mevB‡K Nv‡mi Dci ÿz`ª ÿz`ª `‡j em‡Z e‡j‡Qb, mevB Lvevi mnfvwMZv K‡i‡Q,
cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v hxï c~iY K‡i‡Qb| wkl¨‡`i mv‡_ †kl mvܨ‡fv‡R (‡hvnb 13:1-17)
hxï wb‡R‡K wewj‡q w`‡jb Ges c~Y©Zv w`‡jb µz‡k Rxeb w`‡q †hb Avgiv kvk¦Z Rxeb
cvB| hxïi Av‡`k Abymv‡i Avw`gÐjx wbqwgZ GK‡Î mg‡eZ n‡q cÖv_©bv, iæwU-‡Quov
Abyôvb, Rxeb mnfvwMZv I wb‡R‡`i welqm¤ú` mK‡ji cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡iB mnfvwMZvq Rxebhvcb KiZ (wkl¨PwiZ 2:42-47)| Avgiv cÖwZwbqZ RvMwZK Lv`¨ cyó n‡q GKw`‡K G
RM‡Z, Ab¨w`‡K wLªóhv‡M hxï‡K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Ck¦‡ii mšÍvb n‡q ¯^M©iv‡R¨
AbšÍ Rxeb jv‡fi †hvM¨ _vwK| myZivs Avgiv mn‡R Dcjw× Kwi †µwWU BDwbqb GK cÖKvi
RvMwZK Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, wKš‘ GK mv‡_ mnve¯’vb, gvbweK ¸Yvewji Abykxjb, welqm¤ú`
mnfvwMZv, mvgvwRK I ag©xq g~j¨‡eva PP©v Avgv‡`i GKw`‡K RvMwZK Rxeb
Avb›`gq-myLgq K‡i Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv kvk¦Z Rxe‡b ¯^M©xq wcZvi mvwbœ‡a¨ _vKvi †hvM¨
n‡q Rxebhvcb Kivi my‡hvM cvB| ZvB Amr KvR, A_© AvZ¥mvr, Ab¨vqfv‡e myweavMÖnY,
mnR-mij m`m¨‡`i myweav ewÂZ Kiv, †bZ…Z¡-ÿgZv KzwÿMZ A_ev A‡b¨‡K †bZ„Z¡ ewÂZ
Kivi gva¨‡g Avgiv A‰bwZK-cvcgq Rxeb I Amr wPšÍv jvjbcvjb Kwi| GKB mv‡_ cvcgq Af¨vm
PP©vq GKRb e¨w³ AbšÍ Rxe‡bi kvk¦Z Avb›` †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i|
myZivs mn‡RB Dcjwä Ki‡Z
cvwi e¨vsK ev Ab¨me Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b A_© ev UvKv cÖavb ev gyL¨ Avi gvbweK
m¤úK© ZZ ¯úó bq, Ab¨w`‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡b m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i cvi¯úwiK gvbweK m¤úK©
w`KUv ¯úó, †gŠwjK Ges cÖavb| †µwWU BDwbqb g~jZt gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ GKwU
Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i wfwËi Dci cÖwZôv‡bi mvdj¨ I
¯’vwqZ¡ wbf©ikxj|
--(২)--
gvbm¤§Z †µwWU BDwbqb I †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK
I Avw_©K
Dbœqb
M. M‡elK‡`i we‡køl‡Yi †cÖÿvc‡U †µwWU
BDwbq‡bi msÁv
we‡k¦ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi cÖmvi, cÖfve Ges cÖwmw×
we‡ePbv K‡i †µwWU BDwbq‡bi AwffveK ms¯’v ÒIqvì© KvDwÝj Ae †µwWU BDwbqbÓ Ges
AvšÍR©vwZK I AvÂwjK ms¯’vmg~n MZ `yB hyM a‡i A‡bK M‡elYv KvR m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| hw`I
evsjv‡`‡k weÁvbm¤§Z M‡elYv I Dbœqb aviYv eZ©gv‡bI †Zgb cÖmvi N‡Uwb, Avgvi
M‡elYv Kvh©µ‡gi mgq Zv Dcjwä K‡iwQ
| M‡elK‡`i g‡a¨ mycwiwPZ I Ab¨Zg wg.
†WwfW wm. wiPvW©mb whwb j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvmn c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k †µwWU BDwbqb Ges
W. cj G †Rvbm whwb hy³ivR¨mn wewfbœ †`‡ki †µwWU BDwbqb wb‡q e¨vcK M‡elYv
K‡i‡Qb| M‡elYvq ÔbZzb aviv ev fvev`‡k© †µwWU BDwbq‡bi iƒcvšÍiÕ w`KwU AMÖvwaKvi
†c‡q‡Q, fwel¨‡Z welqwU Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e| Zuv‡`i M‡elYvi †gŠwjK wb‡`©kbv wQjÑ
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Kg©cÖ‡Póv (SOCIAL MISSION) mwVK ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
†bZ„Z¡ I e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvq Aek¨B †ckvMZ e¨emvwqK `ÿZvi mgš^q _vK‡Z n‡e|
e¨e¯’vcbv I †bZ„Z¡ welqK ¸iæ W. wcUvi WªyKvi Gi g‡Z, e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i g~jgš¿
†fv³v ev gvbyl| mgv‡R emevmiZ gvby‡li Kj¨vYB G e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i D‡Ïk¨| d‡j gybvdv AR©b wbwðZ n‡e| AZGe, †µwWU BDwbq‡bi `k©b I Kg©cÖ‡Póv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
†KŠkjMZ e¨emvwqK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvM `iKvi| GLv‡b e¨emvwqK Kg©‡KŠkj ej‡Z †bZ„‡Z¡
I Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvq †ckvMZ `ÿZv, gybvdv AR©b ej‡Z m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i m‡ev©Ëg mvgvwRK
(gvbweK w`K AšÍwb©wnZ) I Avw_©K Dbœqb‡K ¸iæZ¡¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb ev
FY`vb mwgwZ‡K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq - †µwWU
BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai †cÖiYvq DØy×
wek¦vmx Rb‡Mvwô mw¤§wjZ n‡q †¯^”Qvq g~j¨‡eva (mgevqx, ‰bwZK I ag©xq) Abykxj‡b
AbycÖvwYZ Ges wb‡R‡`i mwÂZ mvgwóK g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †UKmB Dbœqb (gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©K) Kg©cÖ‡Póv (MISSION) ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z A½xKvie×| msÁvi K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡¤œ Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv nj:
1. g~j¨‡eva Abykxjb: †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg.
wd«wWªK DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb Gi †µwWU BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©cÖ‡Póv wQj ˆbwZK
g~j¨‡ev‡a DØy× mwµq ÿz`ª mgvR MVb| wg. ivBdvB‡mb wewfbœ cÖwkÿ‡Y me©`v ej‡Zb,
†µwWU BDwbqb n‡jv m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i g~j¨‡eva PP©vi ¯‹zj| ÿz`ª mgv‡R wgkÖms¯‹…wZ
(abx-Mixe, wfbœ wfbœ †ckv, K…wó, eqm, †gav, wek¦vm) †_‡K AvMZ m`m¨/m`m¨vMY mgwóMZfv‡e
mgevqx, ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡eva Abykxjb Kivi GKwU Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i|
mgevqx g~j¨‡eva: mgvwaKvi, msnwZ, mgZv, mnbkxjZv,
¯^vejw¤^Zv, AvZ¥kvmb, AvZ¥m¤§vbÁvb BZ¨vw`|
ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva: ¯^”QZv, cvi¯úwiK m¤§vb‡eva,
mg`vwqZ¡‡eva, hZœevb, b¨vh¨Zv BZ¨vw`|
ag©xq g~j¨‡eva: wek¦¯ÍZv, abx-Mix‡ei mnve¯’vb,
mnfvwMZv, D`viZv, bgbxqZv BZ¨vw`|
2. mvgwóK g~jab : ÿz`ª mgv‡RimvgwóK g~jab
g~jZ wZb cÖKvi m¤ú‡`i mgš^qÑ gvbexq g~jab, mvgvwRK g~jab Ges Avw_©K g~jab|
Dch©y³ msÁvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †µwWU BDwbq‡b Avw_©K g~ja‡bi cvkvcvwk
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i gvbexq I mvgvwRK g~ja‡biI wewb‡qvM N‡U hv Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b
Lye ¯úó bq|
gvbexq g~jab: Ávb, `ÿZv, AwfÁZv| gvbem¤ú‡`i
w`Kmg~n|
mvgvwRK g~jab: cvi¯úwiK wek¦vm, mym¤úK©, eÜb, wgkÖ
K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ-bxwZ, mybvg|
Avw_©K g~jab:
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i mÂq I †kqvi| KóvwR©Z A‡_©i h_v_© e¨envi|
†h
†Kvb
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi RvZxq wbeÜb ch©v‡q wbw`©ó msL¨K m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi ÿz`ª mgv‡R
mnve¯’vb, mgevqx A½xKvi I myôz `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv ch©‡eÿY Kiv nq | Avw_©K †kqvi-mÂq
g~ja‡bi mv‡_ mvgvwRK I gvbweK w`Kmg~n ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv nq|
3. †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©KDbœqb: Dbœq‡bi Pjgvb avivq eZ©gvb m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i
cÖ‡qvRb c~iY †hb fwelr m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y e¨Z¨q bv NUvq| mvgvwRK I
gvbexq g~ja‡bi gva¨‡g Avw_©K g~ja‡bi wbivcËv mywbwðZ nq| Dch©y³ gvbexq I
mvgvwRK welqmg~n †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †UKmB Dbœqb mywbwðZ K‡i| †h †µwWU BDwbq‡b
†LjvcxFYmn aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©KvÛ hZ Kg, †mLv‡b gvbexh I mvgvwRK g~ja‡bi cÖfve ZZ †ekx
| †µwUW BDwbq‡b †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I
Avw_©K Dbœqb Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi mvgvwRK Rxeb hvÎvq myDbœZ
gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk NU‡e I abx-Mix‡ei ˆelg¨ n«vm mywbwðZ n‡e| RvMÖZ
gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk A_© AvZ¥mvr I `yb©xwZ †_‡K mgm¨/m`m¨v‡`i weiZ iv‡L,
mvgvwRK mg`vwqZ¡‡eva b¨vh¨Zv wbwðZ K‡i, mgevqx A_©bxwZ cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨/m`m¨vÕi
RxebhvÎv gv‡bvbœqb K‡i| d‡j †µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva‡g¨ †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I
Avw_©K Dbœqb mywbwðZ nq|
4. mvgvwRK
e¨emvq m¤ú„³Zv: †µwWU BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb
KviY mvgvwRK
I gvbexq g~j¨‡ev‡a DØy× m`m¨/m`m¨vMY D‡`¨vMx nb mvgwóK Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ
Avw_©K Ae¯’vi iƒcvšÍi NUv‡Z| we‡klfv‡e Avw_©Kfv‡e wcwQ‡q _vKv A_ev Ae‡nwjZ
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i Dbœq‡bi g~javivq Avm‡Z my‡hvM m„wó nq| mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai
†cÖiYv m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i me©Rbxb Avw_©K Dbœqb K‡g© DØy× K‡i, d‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K mK‡ji
DcKviv‡_© wb‡R‡`i †gav I m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i †UKmB wfwËi Dci ÿz`ª mgvR MVb K‡i|
†µwWU BDwbqb GKw`‡K m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i RxebhvÎvi Avw_©K †jb‡`b e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e
m¤ú„³| Ab¨w`‡K ÿz`ª mgvR Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð m‡e©vËg mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| ÿz`ª mgvR Dbœq‡b
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi m¤ú„³Zv we‡ePbv K‡i GwU GKwU mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb| wKš‘
†µwWU BDwbqb m‡e©vcwi GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, KviY Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi
ga¨¯’Zvq AwR©Z m¤ú~Y© jf¨vsk mKj m`m¨/m`m¨vi gv‡S eÈb Kiv nq| ZvB †µwWU
BDwbqb‡K mvgvwRK e¨emvq m¤ú„³ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ejv †kÖq| wg. ivBdvB‡mb ej‡Zb,
†µwWU BDwbqb GKwU Agybvdv‡fvMx cÖwZôvb wKš‘ AjvfRbK `qv-`vwÿY¨ cÖ`k©bKvix
cÖwZôvb bq| GKcÖKvi mgevq cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨vMY wb‡RivB cwiPvjK, wbqš¿K
Ges cÖK„Z ¯^Z¡vwaKvi| A‡bK †mev cÖwZôv‡bi RvZxq wbeÜb ch©v‡q cÖvwZôvwbK evwn¨K
AeKvVv‡gv hvPvB-evQvB Kiv nq wKš‘ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó msL¨K
m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi ÿz`ª mgv‡R mnve¯’vb, mgevqx A½xKvi I myôz `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv
wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv nq| myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb mvgvwRK e¨emvq m¤ú„³ GKwU Ab¨Zg
Avw_©K cÖwZôvb|
†µwWU BDwbqb aviYvi
D™¢vcK Rvg©vwbi Awaevmx wg.d«vÝ nvigb †kvjm-‡Wwjm (1808 †_‡K 1883 wLªóvã) †UKmB
I myiwÿZ FYKvh©µ‡gi wbivcËv-SzuwKgy³ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i RgvK…Z †kqvi
g~jab‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg. wd«wWªK DBj‡ng
ivBdvB‡mb (1818 †_‡K 1888 wLªóvã) m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`imgevqx, ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai
cÖwZkÖæwZcvj‡bi A½xKvi‡K Rvwgb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| myZivs wek¦e¨vcx †µwWU
BDwbq‡bi FYKvh©µ‡gi myiÿv I ‡UKmB Dbœqb Avw_©K g~ja‡bi †P‡q gvbexq I mvgvwRK g~ja‡bi
AMÖvwaKvi me©Rb ¯^xK…Z |
--(৩)--
we‡k¦ gvbweK, mvgvwRK, Avw_©K I cwi‡ekMZ iƒcvšÍ‡i
†UKmB
Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
MZ K‡qK mßvn a‡i cÖPvi gva¨gmg~n AvšÍR©vwZK
I RvZxq ch©v‡q ÿzavgy³ I mykvmb cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g wek¦ iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kg© †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi
A½xKvi †NvlYv Ki‡Q| wek¦ iƒcvšÍ‡ii Av‡jvPbv, mfv-‡mwgbvi, Kg©kvjv, djvdj
cwiexÿY, g~j¨vqb I Kg©cÖ‡Póv Pj‡Z _vK‡e AvMvgx c‡bi eQi `xN©mgq, KviY Kg©cÖ‡Póv
ev¯Íevq‡bi †gqv` 15 eQi| Avgvi `„p wek¦vm †µwWU BDwbq‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv cwil` wek¦
iƒcvšÍ‡ii †UKmB Dbœ&qb jÿ¨gvÎv m¤ú‡K©
aviYv MÖnY K‡i wb‡R‡`i Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv cv‡e| mgvR iƒcvšÍ‡i
Kg©cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Ki‡e ¯’vbxq ch©vq, Z‡e `„wó-wPšÍvi m¤ú„³Zv _vK‡e wek¦ iƒcvšÍi
Kg©‡KŠk‡j| hy‡M hy‡M Dbœqbwe`, M‡elK, we‡kølK I mgvR †bZvMY ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †UKmB
Dbœqb mywbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j mgevq †PZbv I kw³‡K D¾xweZ Ki‡Z n‡e, m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i n‡Z
n‡e mwZ¨Kvi mgevq †PZbvq DØy× I AvZ¥wb‡ew`Z| MZ †m‡Þ¤^i 25, 2015 wLªóvã
RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M wbDBq‡K© 193wU †`‡ki ivóª/miKvi cÖavb‡`i AskMÖn‡Y ÔUªvÝdiwgs
AvIqvi Iqvì©: `¨ 2030 G‡RÛv di mvm‡UBbvej †W‡fjc‡g›UÕ wk‡ivbv‡g we‡k¦i gvbweK,
mvgvwRK, Avw_©K I cwi‡ekMZ iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kg©m~wP Aby‡gv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| RvwZmsN cÖYxZ
Òmvm‡UBbvej †W‡fjc‡g›U †MvjmÕÕ (GmwWwR) ev Ô†UKmB
Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvÕ15 eQi †gqvw` Kg©cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq Avi¤¢ n‡e AvMvgx Rvbyqvwi
1,2016 wLªóvã Ges jÿ¨c~iY n‡e wW‡m¤^i 31, 2030 wLªóv‡ã|
GKBfv‡e 2000 wLªóv‡ã RvwZmsN cÖYqb K‡iwQj 15
eQi (2000 †_‡K 2015 wLªóvã) †gqvw` Òwg‡jwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U †MvjmÓ ev mn¯ªvã Dbœqb
jÿ¨gvÎv (GgwWwR), wba©vwiZ wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, `vwi`ª¨, wkï, bvix, ÿzav cÖf„wZ
m~PKmg~‡ni jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b evsjv‡`k mdj n‡q‡Q| A_©bxwZ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi weRqx
†Rdwi m¨vKm GgwWwR-Gi mxwgZ mvdj¨‡K we‡k¦ gvby‡li Rxeb gvb Dbœq‡b RvwZms‡Ni
GKwU eo AR©b wn‡m‡e gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| c„w_exi `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ gvby‡li Rxeb gvb Dbœqb,
gvbevwaKvi iÿv I MYZ‡š¿i we¯Ívi RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc| (GgwWwR wPÎwU
msM„nxZ)
eZ©gvb †UKmB Dbœ&qbjÿ¨gvÎv ev GmwWwR
hv 2030 wLªóv‡ã ev¯Íevq‡bi †gqv` wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GmwWwR †KŠkjMZ Kg©cwiKíbvq
17wU jÿ¨ AšÍfz©³: (1) `vwi`ª we‡jvc, (2) ÿzavgyw³, (3) my¯^v¯’¨ I Kj¨vY, (4)
¸YMZ wkÿv, (5) bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv, (6) weï× cvwb I ¯^v¯’¨weavb, (7) mvkÖqx I
cwi”Qbœ R¡vjvwb, (8) †kvfb Kg© I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×, (9) wkí, D™¢veb I AeKvVv‡gv,
(10) AmgZv `~ixKiY, (11) w¯’wZkxj bMi I m¤úª`vq, (12) `vwhZ¡kxj †fvM I Drcv`b,
(13) Rjevqy Kvh©µg, (14) RjR Rxe, (15) ¯’j Rxe, (16) kvwšÍ, b¨vqwePvi I kw³kvjx
cÖwZôvb I (17) jÿ¨ c~i‡Y Askx`vwiZ¡| Dch©y³ 17wU j‡ÿ¨ i‡q‡Q my¯úó, mywbw`©ó,
mgqve× I cwigvc‡hvM¨ 169wU m~PK/wb‡`©kK hv LyeB we¯ÍvwiZ, my`~icÖmvwi,wek¦Rbxb,
Aswk`vwiZ¡ I wek¦ iƒcvšÍiKvix| (GmwWwR wPÎwU msM„nxZ)
RvwZms‡Ni A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK m¤úwK©Z wefv‡Mi
†Rbv‡ij (bxwZ mgš^qK) _gvm Mvm wfwWI Kbdv‡i‡Ý evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`K‡`i e‡jb,
GmwWwR AR©‡b †emiKvwi msMVbmg~‡ni f~wgKv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe
e‡j‡Qb, GmwWwR ev¯Íevq‡b wek¦ GKwU HwZnvwmK cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K avweZ n‡e, G Dbœq‡bi
mv‡_ Rbgvby‡li wbweo I IZ‡cÖvZ m¤ú„³Zv cÖ‡qvRb| 2030 wLªóv‡ãi g‡a¨ `vwi‡`ªi nvi
k~‡b¨i †KvUvq bvwg‡q Avbvi A½xKvi e¨³ n‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª we‡gvPb Ki‡Z A_©‰bwZK
cªe„w× evov‡Z n‡e, Avi G Rb¨ `iKvi Kg©m¯’vb I wewb‡qvM| miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk
Kg©ms¯’vb I wewb‡qvM e„w×i eo ai‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K †emiKvwi LvZmg~n| ZvB
GmwWwR ev¯Íevq‡b †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi f~wgKv A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GbwWwR m‡¤§j‡bi mgvcYx
Awa‡ek‡b cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv e‡j‡Qb, †UKmB Dbœqb GKvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq, Rbgvby‡li
m¤ú„³Zv `iKvi, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vq‡K A_©, cÖhyw³ I FY‡mev wb‡q cv‡k `uvov‡Z n‡e|
M‡elK I we‡kølK‡`i
Av‡jvPbvq GmwWwR Kg©‡KŠk‡j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q †h Kvi‡Y GUv wek¦ iƒcvšÍ‡ii
Kg©cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨- (1) GmwWwR gvbweK, mvgwRK, A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ekMZ welqe¯‘
mgš^‡q cªYxZ Dbœqb †KŠkj, (2) miKvix-‡emiKvwi msMVbmg~‡ni AskMÖnY, m¤ú„³Zv I
mshy³Zvi ¸iæZ¡ my`~icÖmvix I Zvrch©c~Y©| (3) GmwWwR ev¯Íevq‡b c„w_exi Rbgvby‡li
ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨ Aemvb n‡e, (4) Bnv me©Rbxb hv DbœZ-AbybœZ mKj †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖYxZ,
(5) cwi‡ek I mgvR Dbœq‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q, (6) ¸YMZ wkÿv, cÖK…Z ÁvbvR©‡bi
gva¨‡g gvbweK wek¦ MVb, (7) GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡klZ¡ n‡jv AšÍfz©w³g~jK mgvR Mov
†hLv‡b mykvmb _vK‡e, b¨vqwePv‡ii my‡hvM we¯Ívi n‡e I gvbevwaKvi msiÿ‡Y mK‡j
kÖ×vkxj _vK‡e, (8) AskMÖnYg~jK, ¯^”Q I MY‡Kw›`ªK cwiexÿ‡Yi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv
n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b DbœZ g‡bi, mnRjf¨,
mg‡qvc‡hvMx, wek¦vm‡hvM¨ I we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨-DcvË e¨eüZ n‡e, (9) m¤ú` msMÖn, `ÿZv
e„w×, cÖhyw³ e¨envi I ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK Askx`vwiZ¡ wbwðZ
_vK‡e, (10) we‡klÁ wbf©i bv n‡q eis HK¨g‡Z¨i wfwˇZ mswkøó mevi AskMÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g GmwWwR cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q, (11) GwU AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ| ZvB Gi cwiwa AwaK
we¯Í…Z Ges e¨vcK|
B‡Zvg‡a¨
†emiKvix M‡elYv ms¯’v †m›Uvi di cwjwm WvqvjM (wmwcwW) g‡Z †UKmB Dbœq‡bi c‡_
evsjv‡`‡ki cvuPwU eo P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q: m¤ú‡`i cÖvc¨Zv, ˆewk¦K Dbœqb I RvZxq cwiKíbv
mgš^qKiY, AskMÖnY I Revew`wn wbwðZKiY, e¯‘wbô cwimsL¨vb I Z`viwK Ges KvVv‡gvMZ †KŠkj
I ev¯Íevqb| Z‡e ivR‰bwZK A½xKvi I w¯’wZkxjZv, cÖkvmwbK `ÿZv I Rbgvby‡li m¤ú„³Zv
wbwðZ n‡j RvZxq A_©bxwZ cÖe„w× evo‡e Ges mykvmb cÖwZôv n‡e| Avgv‡`i `„p wek¦vm
miKvi mn¯ªvã
Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi (GgwWwR) mdjZvi AwfÁZv h_vh_ g~j¨vqb K‡i eZ©gvb †UKmB Dbœ&qb jÿ¨gvÎv R‡q bZzb D`¨‡g
c_ Pj‡e| mykvmb,
AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv n‡j gvbweK, mvgvwRK, Avw_©K I cwi‡ekMZ iƒcvšÍ‡i †UKmB Dbœqb
jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi mydj Dc‡fvM Ki‡e mvivwek¦|
--(৪)--
†µwWU BDwbq‡b †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I
Avw_©K
DbœqbevavcÖvß nIqvi KviYmg~n
†µwUW
BDwbq‡b †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©K Dbœqb Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi
mvgwMÖK Rxeb-hvÎvq myDbœZ gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk NUv‡e I abx-Mix‡ei ˆelg¨ n«vm
mywbwðZ n‡e| RvMÖZ gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk- A_© AvZ¥mvr I `yb©xwZ †_‡K
mgm¨/m`m¨v‡`i weiZ iv‡L, mvgvwRK mg`vwqZ¡‡eva b¨vh¨Zv wbwðZ K‡i, mgevqx A_©bxwZ
cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨/m`m¨vÕi RxebhvÎv gv‡bvbœqb K‡i| d‡j †µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva‡g¨ †UKmB
gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©K Dbœqb mywbwðZ nq| cwiPvjbv cwil`, cÖavb wbev©nx
Kg©KZ©v, m`m¨-m`m¨v Ges M‡elK‡`i (ÿz`ª`j c×wZ) we‡køl‡Y evsjv‡`‡k †µwWU BDwbq‡b †UKmB
gvbweK,
mvgvwRK I Avw_©K Dbœqb evavcÖvß nIqvi †cÖÿvc‡U †gŠwjK msKUmg~n
mywbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¸‡q‡Zgvjv, e„‡Ub, wbDwRj¨vÛmn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k †µwWU BDwbq‡bI
GKB msKU cwijwÿZ n‡qwQj, hv †gvKv‡ejvq †mme †`‡k bZzb cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj jvf Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI Dchy©³ msKU wbim‡bi Dcvq
wbav©iY K‡i cÖwZôvb‡K bZzb avivq iƒcvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g Kvw•ÿZ cwieZ©b NUv‡bv m¤¢e|
µgea©gvb msKU: 1955
wLªóv‡ã Ò`¨ wLªóvb †Kv-Acv‡iwUf †µwWU BDwbqb wjwg‡UWÓ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi hvÎv Avi¤¢ nq| cÖ_g †µwWU BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M RvZxq †dWv‡ikb Ò`¨
†Kv-Acv‡iwUf †µwWU BDwbqb wjM Ae evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UWÓ (Kvje) 1979 wLªóv‡ã cÖwZôv
jvf K‡i, we‡kølK‡`i g‡Z, RvZxq †dWv‡ikb cÖwZôvq 24 eQi mgq GKwU axiMwZ Dbœqb
ms‡KZ| 2014 wLªóv‡ãi Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK Kvj&&‡ei Aax‡b me©‡gvU 723wU †µwWU
BDwbqb i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv me©‡gvU †kqvi g~ja‡bi e¨eav‡b 33wU e„nr, 184wU gvSvwi I
506wU ÿz`ª cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| mvaviY aviYv Abymv‡i †µwWU BDwbqb ÿz`ª †_‡K
gvSvwi Zvici e„nr cÖwZôv‡b µgvMZ e„w× jvf K‡i _v‡K, wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k weivU msL¨K
†µwWU BDwbqb ÿy`ª hv µge„w×i axiMwZ cÖKvk K‡i| Z_¨ Abyhvqx `yB-Z…Zxqvsk †µwWU
BDwbqb ÿy`ª- †hLv‡b †ewkifvM †µwWU BDwbqb Avw_©Kfv‡e `ye©j, evwn¨K F‡Yi Dci
wbf©ikxj, ˆ`wbK KvR cwiPvjbv I Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvi Rb¨ evwn¨K cÖ‡Yv`Yvi Dci wbf©ikxj|
M‡elYvi Z_¨ AbyhvqxBsj¨vÛ, ¸qv‡Zgvjvmn Av‡iv K‡qKwU †`‡ki †µwWU BDwbq‡b GKB
mgm¨v cwijwÿZ n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡k †µwWU BDwbq‡bi hvÎv Avi¤¢ n‡q‡Q kni A‡j Zvici
MÖvg-M‡Ä we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| BwZnvm ch©‡eÿY K‡i Rvbv hvq- evwn¨K Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`Yv eÜ
nIqvi d‡j gqgbwmsn, w`bvRcyi, Lyjbv A‡j ag©cjøxwfwËK A‡bK †µwWU BDwbq‡bi
Kvh©µg mxwgZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Avevi A‡bK †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µg ¯’wMZ n‡q‡Q|
gZv`k©MZ msKU: eZ©gvb mg‡q †µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡n GKw`‡K
e¨emvwqK fvev`k© I Ab¨w`‡K mvgvwRK fvev`k© Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ weZK© `„k¨gvb| cÖ_gZt e¨emvwqK fvev`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ mg_©K‡`i
g‡Z †µwWU BDwbqb Ki‡cv‡iBU fveaviv m¤^wjZ †ckvMZ `ÿZvi wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ GKwU
Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b eûwea cY¨ I †mev Kvh©µg D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ gReyZ g~jab KvVv‡gv
M‡o DV‡e| wØZxqZt mvgvwRK fvev`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ mg_©K‡`i hyw³ g‡Z, †µwWU BDwbqb mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai
†cÖiYvq DØy× Rb‡Mvwôi GKvZ¥Zvq mvgvwRK Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë Dcwewa Øviv
wbqwš¿Z I wbivc` Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b wbw`©ó msL¨K mÂq, ÿz`ªFY I cÖPwjZ ev
mbvZb wbq‡g Avw_©K Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Avw_©K msKU,
Avq Aw¯’iZv, ivR‰bwZK hy×weMÖn, †Mvj‡g‡j wek¦ A_©bxwZ I †eKviZ¡ hLb RbM‡Yi
wbZ¨m½x ZLb Avgv‡`i †`‡k D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b `yb©xwZ-AvZ¥mvr
cwijwÿZ hv †µwWU BDwbq‡bi f~wgKv Av‡bK¸Y e„w× K‡i‡Q|
†µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µg ïiæ
nq mvgvwRK Dbœqb jÿgvÎv wb‡q †hLv‡b D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡bvfve _v‡K †µwWU BDwbqb _vK‡e
ÿz`ª cwimi I mvgvwRK g‡bvfvevcbœ| `xN©Kvjxb †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨emvwqK jÿ¨mg~n
LyeB `ye©j d‡j AmsL¨ †µwWU BDwbqb †dWv‡ik‡bi †_‡K evwn¨K FY ev D‡`¨v³v‡`i
Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`bvi Dci wbf©i _v‡K| AZ¨waK mvgvwRK Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv wbf©i †µwWU
BDwbqb µgvMZ Dbœq‡b evavcÖvß nq d‡j GwU
A`ÿ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ I bxwZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y msKU: †µwWU BDwbqb MYZvwš¿K
g~jbxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx msMVb| m`m¨‡`i MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y bxwZ †µwWU BDwbqb Dbœqb
cÖwµqv‡K Ab¨vb¨ e¨emv msMVb I c×wZ †_‡K AwaKZi RwUjZv m„wó K‡i‡Q|
cÖwZwnsmvcivqY †bZ„Z¡, `jxq gZv`k©, wewPÎ †ckvq RwoZ m`m¨/m`m¨ve„›`, eûwewPÎ I
SuzwKc~Y© e¨emvwqK †mev Kvh©µg e¨vwßi Dci MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv I e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi
Aw¯’iZvi ZviZg¨ wbf©i K‡i| eZ©gv‡b †µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡ni Avw_©K Kvh©µ‡gi cvkvcvwk
cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z mvgvwRK, ag©xq I `jxqKiY gZv`k© we`¨gvb| eû‡Mvôx-mgvRwfwËK
†µwWU BDwbqbmg~n cwiPvjbvq e¨emvwqK aviYv †ewk `„k¨gvb, Avevi ag©cjøxwfwËK ev
ag©xq-m¤úª`vqwfwËK †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n mvgvwRK fvebvi cÖvavb¨ jÿYxq| Ab¨w`‡K
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq mKj †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ `jxqKiY gZv`‡ki© cÖfve Lye †ewk
RwUjZv `vb K‡i _v‡K| m‡e©vcwi MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y bxwZ m¤ú‡K© m`m¨‡`i mwVK Áv‡bi
Afv‡e †`‡ki eûmsL¨K †µwWU BDwbq‡b Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv SuywKc~Y© Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q|
A_© e¨e¯’vcbv msKU: †µwWU BDwbq‡bi Avw_©K
e¨e¯’vcbvi AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`Ð cvj©m (PEARLS) AvbycvZ we‡køl‡Y
c~e©Z M‡elYv wgkÖ (†bwZevPK I BwZevPK) djvdj cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|M‡elYvq 44wU
Abycv‡Zi g‡a¨ 29wU AbycvZ we‡kølY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q, Aewkó AbycvZmg~n ch©vß
Z‡_¨-Dcv‡Ëi Afv‡e we‡kølY Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| KviY evsjv‡`k †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n mbvZb
ev cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z Avw_©K weeiYx msiÿY Kivi d‡j AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`‡Ð cwic~Y© M‡elYv
ch©‡eÿY m¤¢e bq| Abv`vqx FY ev Ky-FY mwÂwZ, cwi-m¤ú` wbivcËv mwÂwZ, AbycvwR©Z
m¤ú`, AbycvwR©Z m¤ú` I `v‡qi Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv Ges g~jab KvVv‡gv e¨e¯’vcbv
c×wZ‡Z †bwZevPK djvdj ch©‡eÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K gybvdv AR©b, m¤ú` e„w× I Zvij¨
e¨e¯’vcbvq BwZevPK djvdj, Aciw`‡K m`m¨ mÂq I m`m¨ FY msµvšÍ wel‡q wgkÖ djvdj
cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b e„nr †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvq AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`Ð
cvj©m AvbycvZ we‡kølY cÖ‡qv‡Mi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q|
ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©-e¨e¯’vcbv msKU: MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z
`jZš¿, wewPÎ †ckvi m`m¨/m`m¨ve„›`, eûwewPÎ I SuzwKc~Y© e¨emvwqK †mev Kvh©µg
e¨vwßi Kvi‡Y e„n`vqZb †µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡n ˆ`bw›`b Kvh© myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z Ab¨vb¨
Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Abyiƒc cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v A_ev cÖavb A_© Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM
Riæix n‡q c‡o‡Q| wKš‘ MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv cwil‡`i msKxY© e¨e¯’vcbv I `jZvwš¿K
wbqš¿Y g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ A¯úó I mxwgZ| myZivs
†µwWU BDwbqbmg~n ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µg
e¨e¯’vcbvq †ckvMZ `ÿZv PP©v LyeB msKxY©| d‡j Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨vwkZ
AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`‡Ð cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q bv, myZivs m`m¨/m`m¨ve„›` cÖZ¨vwkZ mydj †_‡K
ewÂZ n‡”Q|
Dch©y³
msKUmg~‡ni Kvi‡Y †µwWU BDwbqb cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj cÖ`vb Ki‡Z e¨_©, ZvB AwaK mÿg bZzb
e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖPj‡bi ZvwM‡` eZ©gvb M‡elYv GKwU mg‡qvc‡hvMx I Riæix c`‡ÿc|
eZ©gvb M‡elYv †µwWU BDwbq‡bi Rb¨ AwaKZi `ÿ †ckv`vwi e¨emvwqK e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ
we‡kølY I g~j¨vqb K‡i evsjv‡`‡k ÔbZzb †µwWU BDwbqb Dbœqb g‡WjÕ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cÖqvmx hv B‡Zvg‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ M‡elK‡`i gva¨‡g wewfbœ †`‡k Dc¯’vwcZ I MÖnY‡hvM¨
n‡q‡Q| GB iƒcvšÍikxj cwieZ©b cÖZ¨vkx M‡elYvi g~jZt `yBwU jÿ¨ i‡q‡Q- (1)
evsjv‡`‡k e„nr, gvSvwi I ÿz`ª †µwWU BDwbq‡bi eZ©gvb e¨emvwqK e¨e¯’vcbv Kg©d‡ji
wewfbœ PjKmg~n- gZv`©k, msMVb, gvbem¤ú`, Kvh©-cwi‡ek, gv‡K©wUs, m`m¨ mÂq, m`m¨
FY, Avw_©K k„•Ljv I Avw_©K KvVv‡gv ÔbZzb †µwWU BDwbqb Dbœqb g‡WjÕ Gi `„wó‡Z
Kvh©KvwiZv cwiexÿY Kiv; (2) bZzb avivq iƒcvšÍ‡ii j‡ÿ¨ e„nr, gvSvwi I ÿz`ª †µwWU
BDwbq‡b e¨emvwqK e¨e¯’vcbv Kg©d‡ji wewfbœ †ÿÎmg~‡ni mywbw`©ó wfbœZv/cv_©K¨
ch©‡eÿY Kiv|
--(৫)--
gvbm¤§Z †µwWU BDwbqb I †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK
I Avw_©K
Dbœqb
M. M‡elK‡`i we‡køl‡Yi †cÖÿvc‡U †µwWU
BDwbq‡bi msÁv
we‡k¦ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi cÖmvi, cÖfve Ges cÖwmw×
we‡ePbv K‡i †µwWU BDwbq‡bi AwffveK ms¯’v ÒIqvì© KvDwÝj Ae †µwWU BDwbqbÓ Ges
AvšÍR©vwZK I AvÂwjK ms¯’vmg~n MZ `yB hyM a‡i A‡bK M‡elYv KvR m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| hw`I
evsjv‡`‡k weÁvbm¤§Z M‡elYv I Dbœqb aviYv eZ©gv‡bI †Zgb cÖmvi N‡Uwb, Avgvi
M‡elYv Kvh©µ‡gi mgq Zv Dcjwä K‡iwQ
| M‡elK‡`i g‡a¨ mycwiwPZ I Ab¨Zg wg.
†WwfW wm. wiPvW©mb whwb j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvmn c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k †µwWU BDwbqb Ges
W. cj G †Rvbm whwb hy³ivR¨mn wewfbœ †`‡ki †µwWU BDwbqb wb‡q e¨vcK M‡elYv
K‡i‡Qb| M‡elYvq ÔbZzb aviv ev fvev`‡k© †µwWU BDwbq‡bi iƒcvšÍiÕ w`KwU AMÖvwaKvi
†c‡q‡Q, fwel¨‡Z welqwU Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e| Zuv‡`i M‡elYvi †gŠwjK wb‡`©kbv wQjÑ
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Kg©cÖ‡Póv (SOCIAL MISSION) mwVK ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
†bZ„Z¡ I e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvq Aek¨B †ckvMZ e¨emvwqK `ÿZvi mgš^q _vK‡Z n‡e|
e¨e¯’vcbv I †bZ„Z¡ welqK ¸iæ W. wcUvi WªyKvi Gi g‡Z, e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i g~jgš¿
†fv³v ev gvbyl| mgv‡R emevmiZ gvby‡li Kj¨vYB G e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i D‡Ïk¨| d‡j gybvdv AR©b wbwðZ n‡e| AZGe, †µwWU BDwbq‡bi `k©b I Kg©cÖ‡Póv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
†KŠkjMZ e¨emvwqK Kg©cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvM `iKvi| GLv‡b e¨emvwqK Kg©‡KŠkj ej‡Z †bZ„‡Z¡
I Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvq †ckvMZ `ÿZv, gybvdv AR©b ej‡Z m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i m‡ev©Ëg mvgvwRK
(gvbweK w`K AšÍwb©wnZ) I Avw_©K Dbœqb‡K ¸iæZ¡¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb ev
FY`vb mwgwZ‡K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq - †µwWU
BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai †cÖiYvq DØy×
wek¦vmx Rb‡Mvwô mw¤§wjZ n‡q †¯^”Qvq g~j¨‡eva (mgevqx, ‰bwZK I ag©xq) Abykxj‡b
AbycÖvwYZ Ges wb‡R‡`i mwÂZ mvgwóK g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †UKmB Dbœqb (gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©K) Kg©cÖ‡Póv (MISSION) ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z A½xKvie×| msÁvi K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡¤œ Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv nj:
1. g~j¨‡eva Abykxjb: †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg.
wd«wWªK DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb Gi †µwWU BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©cÖ‡Póv wQj ˆbwZK
g~j¨‡ev‡a DØy× mwµq ÿz`ª mgvR MVb| wg. ivBdvB‡mb wewfbœ cÖwkÿ‡Y me©`v ej‡Zb,
†µwWU BDwbqb n‡jv m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i g~j¨‡eva PP©vi ¯‹zj| ÿz`ª mgv‡R wgkÖms¯‹…wZ
(abx-Mixe, wfbœ wfbœ †ckv, K…wó, eqm, †gav, wek¦vm) †_‡K AvMZ m`m¨/m`m¨vMY
mgwóMZfv‡e mgevqx, ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡eva Abykxjb Kivi GKwU Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi
K‡i|
mgevqx g~j¨‡eva: mgvwaKvi, msnwZ, mgZv, mnbkxjZv,
¯^vejw¤^Zv, AvZ¥kvmb, AvZ¥m¤§vbÁvb BZ¨vw`|
ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva: ¯^”QZv, cvi¯úwiK m¤§vb‡eva,
mg`vwqZ¡‡eva, hZœevb, b¨vh¨Zv BZ¨vw`|
ag©xq g~j¨‡eva: wek¦¯ÍZv, abx-Mix‡ei mnve¯’vb,
mnfvwMZv, D`viZv, bgbxqZv BZ¨vw`|
2. mvgwóK g~jab : ÿz`ª mgv‡RimvgwóK g~jab
g~jZ wZb cÖKvi m¤ú‡`i mgš^qÑ gvbexq g~jab, mvgvwRK g~jab Ges Avw_©K g~jab|
Dch©y³ msÁvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †µwWU BDwbq‡b Avw_©K g~ja‡bi cvkvcvwk
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i gvbexq I mvgvwRK g~ja‡biI wewb‡qvM N‡U hv Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b
Lye ¯úó bq|
gvbexq g~jab: Ávb, `ÿZv, AwfÁZv| gvbem¤ú‡`i
w`Kmg~n|
mvgvwRK g~jab: cvi¯úwiK wek¦vm, mym¤úK©, eÜb, wgkÖ
K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ-bxwZ, mybvg|
Avw_©K g~jab:
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i mÂq I †kqvi| KóvwR©Z A‡_©i h_v_© e¨envi|
†h
†Kvb
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi RvZxq wbeÜb ch©v‡q wbw`©ó msL¨K m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi ÿz`ª mgv‡R
mnve¯’vb, mgevqx A½xKvi I myôz `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv ch©‡eÿY Kiv nq | Avw_©K †kqvi-mÂq
g~ja‡bi mv‡_ mvgvwRK I gvbweK w`Kmg~n ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv nq|
3. †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©KDbœqb: Dbœq‡bi Pjgvb avivq eZ©gvb m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i
cÖ‡qvRb c~iY †hb fwelr m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y e¨Z¨q bv NUvq| mvgvwRK I
gvbexq g~ja‡bi gva¨‡g Avw_©K g~ja‡bi wbivcËv mywbwðZ nq| Dch©y³ gvbexq I
mvgvwRK welqmg~n †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †UKmB Dbœqb mywbwðZ K‡i| †h †µwWU BDwbq‡b
†LjvcxFYmn aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©KvÛ hZ Kg, †mLv‡b gvbexh I mvgvwRK g~ja‡bi cÖfve ZZ †ekx
| †µwUW BDwbq‡b †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I
Avw_©K Dbœqb Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi mvgvwRK Rxeb hvÎvq myDbœZ
gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk NU‡e I abx-Mix‡ei ˆelg¨ n«vm mywbwðZ n‡e| RvMÖZ
gvbweKZv‡ev‡ai weKvk A_© AvZ¥mvr I `yb©xwZ †_‡K mgm¨/m`m¨v‡`i weiZ iv‡L,
mvgvwRK mg`vwqZ¡‡eva b¨vh¨Zv wbwðZ K‡i, mgevqx A_©bxwZ cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨/m`m¨vÕi
RxebhvÎv gv‡bvbœqb K‡i| d‡j †µwWU BDwbq‡bi gva‡g¨ †UKmB gvbweK, mvgvwRK I
Avw_©K Dbœqb mywbwðZ nq|
4. mvgvwRK
e¨emvq m¤ú„³Zv: †µwWU BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb
KviY mvgvwRK
I gvbexq g~j¨‡ev‡a DØy× m`m¨/m`m¨vMY D‡`¨vMx nb mvgwóK Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ
Avw_©K Ae¯’vi iƒcvšÍi NUv‡Z| we‡klfv‡e Avw_©Kfv‡e wcwQ‡q _vKv A_ev Ae‡nwjZ
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i Dbœq‡bi g~javivq Avm‡Z my‡hvM m„wó nq| mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai
†cÖiYv m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i me©Rbxb Avw_©K Dbœqb K‡g© DØy× K‡i, d‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K mK‡ji
DcKviv‡_© wb‡R‡`i †gav I m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i †UKmB wfwËi Dci ÿz`ª mgvR MVb K‡i|
†µwWU BDwbqb GKw`‡K m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i RxebhvÎvi Avw_©K †jb‡`b e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e
m¤ú„³| Ab¨w`‡K ÿz`ª mgvR Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð m‡e©vËg mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| ÿz`ª mgvR Dbœq‡b
†µwWU BDwbq‡bi m¤ú„³Zv we‡ePbv K‡i GwU GKwU mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb| wKš‘
†µwWU BDwbqb m‡e©vcwi GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, KviY Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi
ga¨¯’Zvq AwR©Z m¤ú~Y© jf¨vsk mKj m`m¨/m`m¨vi gv‡S eÈb Kiv nq| ZvB †µwWU
BDwbqb‡K mvgvwRK e¨emvq m¤ú„³ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ejv †kÖq| wg. ivBdvB‡mb ej‡Zb,
†µwWU BDwbqb GKwU Agybvdv‡fvMx cÖwZôvb wKš‘ AjvfRbK `qv-`vwÿY¨ cÖ`k©bKvix
cÖwZôvb bq| GKcÖKvi mgevq cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨vMY wb‡RivB cwiPvjK, wbqš¿K
Ges cÖK„Z ¯^Z¡vwaKvi| A‡bK †mev cÖwZôv‡bi RvZxq wbeÜb ch©v‡q cÖvwZôvwbK evwn¨K
AeKvVv‡gv hvPvB-evQvB Kiv nq wKš‘ †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó msL¨K
m`m¨/m`m¨vM‡Yi ÿz`ª mgv‡R mnve¯’vb, mgevqx A½xKvi I myôz `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv
wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv nq| myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb mvgvwRK e¨emvq m¤ú„³ GKwU Ab¨Zg
Avw_©K cÖwZôvb|
†µwWU BDwbqb aviYvi
D™¢vcK Rvg©vwbi Awaevmx wg.d«vÝ nvigb †kvjm-‡Wwjm (1808 †_‡K 1883 wLªóvã) †UKmB
I myiwÿZ FYKvh©µ‡gi wbivcËv-SzuwKgy³ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i RgvK…Z †kqvi
g~jab‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg. wd«wWªK DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb
(1818 †_‡K 1888 wLªóvã) m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`imgevqx, ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai
cÖwZkÖæwZcvj‡bi A½xKvi‡K Rvwgb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| myZivs wek¦e¨vcx †µwWU
BDwbq‡bi FYKvh©µ‡gi myiÿv I ‡UKmB Dbœqb Avw_©K g~ja‡bi †P‡q gvbexq I mvgvwRK g~ja‡bi
AMÖvwaKvi me©Rb ¯^xK…Z | (Pj‡e)
--(৬)--
†µwWU BDwbq‡b mÂqB cÖ_g, mÂqB cÖavb
GLb †_‡K wÎk-cuqwÎk eQi Av‡MI A‡bK
MÖvg-evsjvi A‡bK gvbyl nv‡Z _vKv Aewkó A_© mÂq ev Rgv Kivi cÖv_wgK Dcvq wQj
gvwUi e¨vsK A_ev N‡ii euv‡ki LyuwU †K‡U A_ev wU‡bi †KŠUv gvwUi bx‡P cuy‡Z Zv‡Z
†i‡L †`qv| G ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mÂq gvby‡li wgZe¨wqZvi ewncÖKvk Ges Giƒc wgZe¨wqZvi
gva¨‡g Zviv AdzišÍ cwiZ…wß jvf KiZ| GwU m‡qi Avw`g cÖwµqv, G‡Z hZUzKz mÂq Kiv
nq wVK ZZUzKzB cvIqv hvq, wewb‡qvM-e„w×i m¤¢vebv wQj bv| mg‡qi weeZ©‡b miKvi,
†emiKvwi msMVbmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb mÂq-gvbwmKZv‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ
evowZ wKQz my` m‡qi wecix‡Z cÖ`vb ïiæ K‡i| d‡j hv mÂq n‡q‡Q Zvi †P‡q †ewk
cvIqv cÖZ¨vkv mÂqx‡`i Av‡iv †ewk m‡q DrmvwnZ K‡i| †µwWU BDwbqb mÂqDrmvn
cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| Z‡e cÖv_wgKfv‡e †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n g~jZ wLªóvb
ag©cjøxwfwËK M‡o D‡V, Zvici cÖmvi I cÖwmw× we¯Ívi K‡i mvov †`k Ry‡o| cÖwZôvbwU
m‡qi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i, ÿy`ªFY mnRjf¨Zv
cÖ`vb K‡i d‡j †µwWU BDwbqb cvwievwiK Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvi wkÿvjq n‡q D‡V|
mÂqB
cÖ_g
†µwWU BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb,
hvi D‡Ïk¨ gvbeRxeb Dbœqb I abx-Mix‡ei mnve¯’vb wbwðZ Kiv| hw`I †µwWU BDwbq‡bi
hvÎv Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj gvby‡li Rxebavi‡Yi Avw_©K FY cÖ`v‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q| wKš‘
Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K M‡elK Ges msMVKMY m‡qi aviYvwU cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb|
mÂq Qvov FY cÖ`vb aviYvwU Am¤ú~Y© I SuzwKc~Y© hv †UKmB mgvR Dbœqb‡K e¨vnZ K‡i
_v‡K| ZvB eZ©gv‡b mÂq I FY GB `ywU aviYv GK‡Î K‡i mÂq I FY`vb mgevq mwgwZ
eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb
ej‡Z mÂq I FY`v‡bi msw¶ßiƒc‡K eySv‡bv nq|
gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ wb‡R‡`i mÂq g‡bvfve RvMÖZ ivLv, Avw_©K cÖ‡qvR‡b hyw³hy³
nv‡i FY cÖ`vb Ges m¤¢ve¨ m‡ev©”P Avw_©K
†mev`vb Kiv|
mÂq
Af¨vm `„k¨gvb
mv¤úªwZK mg‡q evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©‡ii
Aby‡cÖiYvq m‡qi g‡bvfve I Af¨vm wb‡q RvZxq ch©v‡q eo‡`i mv‡_ †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i
e¨vswKs mÂq †mevq hy³ K‡i BwZevPK GKwU D`vniY m„wó K‡i‡Q| 2015 wLªóv‡ã Ryb gv‡m
wkÿv_©x‡`i wnmv‡ei msL¨v 8 jvL 52 nvRvi Ges mÂq Rgv c‡o‡Q cÖvq 8kÕ †KvwU UvKv,
A_©bxwZwe` I M‡elK‡`i g‡Z hv w`‡q bZzb `ywU e¨vsK Kvh©µg Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e| Avgv‡`i
†µwWU BDwbqbmg~n A‡bK Av‡MB †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mÂq Kivi Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú„³ K‡i‡Q|
†µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡ni Ab¨vb¨ AcviMZvi gv‡S Ab¨Zg n‡jv mwVK I my›`i Z_¨-DcvË cÖKvk
bv Kiv, ZvB Avgv‡`i my›`i †mevKv‡Ri cÖPvi Lye mxwgZ| Z‡e cÖwZwU †µwWU BDwbqb
eo‡`i cvkvcvwk QvÎQvÎxiv †hb mÂq Drmvn I Af¨vm Mo‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ ¯‹z‡j mÂq
msMÖ‡ni e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Q, e¨e¯’vcbv cwil`‡K ab¨ev` RvbvB| hw` mÂq Af¨vm MV‡bi h_vh_
I ev¯Íe wkÿvi e¨e¯’v we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e †µwWU BDwbqb mwZ¨Kvifv‡e A_©
e¨e¯’vcbvi wkÿvjq n‡q DV‡e| mn‡RB
†evaMg¨ †h m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i gv‡S m‡qi ¸iæZ¡ I g‡bvfve e„w× cv‡”Q| Z‡e UvKvi
cwigvY wظY Kivi mvg_© m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i Av‡Q| †µwWU BDwbq‡bi Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvq
`ÿZv, mykvmb I ¯^”QZv m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡b A_© mÂq Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ
Ki‡e|
mÂqB
Avkvi Av‡jv
Avgv‡`i †`‡k msKUKvjxb Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv †c‡Z
RvZxq ch©v‡q ÔmvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjÕ e¨e¯’v †bB, hviv PvKwiRxex Zv‡`i
wbf©i‡hvM¨ Aemi fvZv LyeB hrmvgvb¨| Avgv‡`i MÖvg-M‡Äi DcvR©bÿg weivU gvbem¤ú`
(Kg©Rxex) K…wlRxex, PvKzixRxwe, kÖwgK, A_ev cÖevmx-kÖwgK, hviv cªevmx-kÖwgK
Zv‡`i AemiKvjxi Avw_©K my‡hvM-myweav PvKwi`vZv gwbe‡`i g‡bvfve I Av‡qi Dci
m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj| we‡k¦ Avw_©K msKU, Avq Aw¯’iZv, ivR‰bwZK hy×weMÖn I †Mvj‡g‡j
wek¦ A_©bxwZ RbM‡Yi wbZ¨m½x, hvi djvdj we‡`kx PvKwi`vZv‡`i Av‡qi Dci cÖfve c‡o
_v‡K| Avgv‡`i eZ©gv‡bi mÂq fwel¨r Avw_©K
msKU †gvKv‡ejvi GKgvÎ wbf©kxj Dcvq, AÜKv‡i Avkvi Av‡jv|
m‡qi
kZ© `„p g‡bvej
2002 wLªóv‡ã wW‡m¤^i gv‡m†gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvq
mvay †hv‡md ag©cjøx‡Z (kÖxg½j wgkb) Ô†m›U †hv‡md †Kv-Acv‡iwUf †µwWU BDwbqbÕ Gi
hvÎv ïiæ nq| m¤ú~Y© Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`bvwenxb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi hvÎv| †m mgq Pv
kÖwgKiv ˆ`wbK bM` 28 UvKv nv‡i cvwikÖwgK †cZ, hv `yB wK‡jvMÖvg Pvj †Kbvi Rb¨
h‡_ó wQj bv| ZeyI Zviv †d‡j Avmv Avw_©K Afve AbU‡bi AwfÁZv DËi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ `„p
g‡bvej wb‡q gv‡m 10 UvKv mÂq Kivi A½xKvi wb‡q †µwWU BDwbq‡b m`m¨ n‡qwQj| hw`I
cÖwZw`bKvi wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i DcvR©b LyeB mgvb¨ Z_vwc mK‡ji cÖwZÁv
wQj ÔZeyI Avgiv mÂq Ki‡ev|Õ †µwWU BDwbqb MV‡bi ci GK eQi Avgvi my‡hvM n‡qwQj
Zv‡`i mv‡_ KvR Kivi, K‡qKgvm AwfÁZvi ci †¯^”Qvq A‡b‡K gv‡m 100 UvKv Rgv Kivi
B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| Avwg Zv‡`i g‡bvfve‡K AvšÍwiKfv‡e cÖksmv K‡iwQjvg| cÖwZôvbwU
Aí mg‡q mycÖwZwôZ I A‡b‡Ki wbKU mycwiwPZ| Avwg AwfÁZv K‡iwQ Avgv‡`i Avq †hgb
mgvb bq, RxebhvÎvi LiPI mgvb bq †Zgbx m‡qi cwigvYI cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Av‡qi Dci wbf©i
K‡i _v‡K| Avgv‡`i hv Avq Av‡Q Zv ‡_‡KB Avgiv mÂq Ki‡Z cvwi, `„p g‡bvej AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
eZ©gv‡b cÖwZwU ag©cjøx‡Z †µwWU BDwbqb cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, hv e¨w³ cwievi I mgvR
Dbœq‡b mn‡qvMx cÖwZôvb n‡Z cv‡i|
mÂq
GKwU †KŠkj
cÖ_vMZ aviYv Abyhvqx DcvwR©Z Avq LiP Kivi ci
hv Aewkó _v‡K Zv mÂq wn‡m‡e Rgv Kiv nq| wKš‘ mgevq M‡elKMY g‡b K‡ib Li‡Pi ci hv
Aewkó _v‡K Zv mÂq bv K‡i eis m‡qi ci hv
Aewkó _v‡K Zv LiP Kiv DwPZ (D`vniY: Avq
Ñ LiP = mÂq nIqv DwPr bq, eis Avq Ñ mÂq = e¨q nIqv mgxPxb)| G‡Z cÖwZwU e¨w³
cwiKwíZfv‡e m‡qi m‡½ m¤ú„³ nq, †QvUeo mK‡ji gv‡S Avw_©K wkÿv cÖmvwiZ nq,
cvwievwiK A_© e¨e¯’vcbvq `ÿ n‡q D‡V I RvZxq Avw_©K cÖe„w× AR©‡b e„nËi Rb‡Mvwô
m¤ú„³ n‡Z cv‡i|
mÂq
me©`v wgZe¨qx n‡Z †kLvq
wgZe¨qx e¨w³ hZ Avq K‡i Zvi GKUv wbw`©ó Ask
wbqwgZ mÂq K‡i _v‡K| wgZe¨qx e¨w³ cÖwZw`b Rxebhvc‡bi AwZ cÖ‡qvRbx e¨qmg~n Ki‡Z Kvc©Y¨ K‡i bv, wKš‘
wejvmeûj Pvwn`vi Rb¨ Av‡eMcÖeY wbqwgZ e¨q Af¨vm cwinvi K‡i P‡j| ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvc‡b AmsL¨ cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨
LiP Ki‡ZB n‡e, Z‡e mveavb n‡q wePÿYZvi mv‡_ h_vh_ Lv‡Z Li‡Pi wnmve Ki‡Z cvi‡j
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b mg„w× P‡j Av‡m| mÂq cvwievwiK Rxe‡b ˆ`e-`yN©Ubv †gvKv‡ejvq g‡bvej
I mvnm evwo‡q †`q, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b mg„w× P‡j Av‡m| myZivs wgZe¨q †_‡K Av‡m mÂq, mÂq †_‡K Av‡m Rxe‡b AvZ¥wek¦vm I Avw_©K mg„w×|
m‡qi cÖavb kZ© wgZe¨wqZv I mw`”Qv, GB `y‡Uv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, d‡j gvbyl fwel¨Z
Rxeb cwiKíbvq AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡q D‡V| mÂq gvby‡li g‡b fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍvq `„p
g‡bvej I mvnm cª`vb K‡i, mÂq gvbwmKZv _vK‡j fwel¨Z Avb›`gq K‡i †Zv‡j, cÖwZwU
Rxe‡bi A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Avb‡Z kZfvM mdjZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
†µwWU BDwbqb ïay Avw_©K cÖwZôvb bq eis
cvwievwiK A_© e¨e¯’vcbv I mÂq Af¨vm Movi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkÿvjq ev ¯‹zj| †µwWU
BDwbqb cwiPvjbvq e¨e¯’vcbv cwil` I Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡ I mv_©KZv
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i cvwievwiK A_© e¨e¯’vcbv Abykxj‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiv, mÂq Kivi †KŠkj
†kLv‡bv, mÂq Kivi wewfbœ Dcvq cÖeZ©b, mÂq jvfRbK wewb‡qvM m„wó I m‡qi
Dc‡hvwMZv e„w× Kiv| hw`I eZ©gvb ‡ek K‡qKwU †µwWU BDwbqb cwiPvjbv cwil` I
Kg©KZ©vMY G aviv †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i ev wcQ‡b| †µwWU BDwbqb cwiPvjbv cwil‡`i mykvmb
I †ckvMZ AvPiY, cÖwZwU †µwWU BDwbqb‡K
bZzb avivq iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| mKj †µwWU BDwbq‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv cwil` I
Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi wbKU Avgv‡`i Avkv-cÖZ¨vkv e¨vcK, Avgiv †µwWU BDwbqb bZzb avivq
iƒcvšÍi †`L‡Z PvB|
--(৭)--
†UKmB I myiwÿZ
FYKvh©µ‡gi i¶vKeP:
ag©xq wek¦vm I mvgvwRK eÜb
Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi †¶‡Î mvsMVwbK eÜb Ges Aw½Kvi cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K cÖPwjZ
GKwU kZ©| GKB fv‡e †µwWU BDwbqb Ges mgevqx e¨vsK e¨e¯’vq msNe× `vq AwfeveK
wn‡m‡e g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| we‡klfv‡e FY Av`vb-cÖv`vb Kvh©µ‡g `jxq eÜb
Ges Aw½Kvi me©`v AwfeveK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| `jxq eÜb I Aw½Kvi †µwWU
BDwbqb FY Av`vb cÖ`vb ‡¶‡Î Rvwgb`vi ¯^iƒc|mgevqx
wPšÍv-aviYvi BwZnvm cÖ‡bZv Rvg©vYx Awaevmx wg.
d«vÝ nvigb †kvjm-†Wwjm Gi g‡Z mgevqx eÜb nj m`‡m¨i †MvUv Rxe‡bi m¤ú„³Zv| m`‡m¨i
Rxebhvcb AvPvi-e¨envi PvwiwÎK ¸bvejx mewKQyB †µwWU BDwbq‡bi mÂq I FY Kvh©µ‡g
m¤ú„³ _v‡K, Kvh©µg‡K MwZkxj I Pjgvb iv‡L| e¨vsK FY Kvh©µ‡g †hgb RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e UvKvi
As‡K cwigvc‡hvM¨ Avw_©K m¤ú` Mw”QZ _v‡K †Zgwb †µwWU BDwbq†b Mw”QZ _v‡K e¨w³i
†MvUv Rxeb hvcb Af¨vm-PvwiwÎK ¸bvejx| myZivs mgevqx eÜb n‡jv mg-gbv e¨w³‡`i
†MvUv Rxe‡bi `vqe×Zv| †µwWU BDwbqb k‡ãi DrcwËMZ A‡_© wbwnZ Av‡Q wek¦vm, Av¯’v, wbf©ikxjZv, mnve¯’vb hv GKRb
mf¨ m`m¨c` MÖnb †_‡KB msMV‡b wewb‡qvM K‡i _v‡K| ZvB †µwWU BDwbqb FY Kvh©µ‡gi
mdjZv wbf©i K‡i m`m¨‡`i cvi¯úwiK eÜb I Aw½Kv‡ii my`„p wfwËi Dci| GB Aw½Kvi I
eÜb †_‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi DrcwË Ges Gi mymsMwVZ wfwËi Dci †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µ‡gi
mdjZv I‡Zv‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| 1910 wLªóv‡ã wg. †nbix WweøI Ijd Zvi Ôw` wccjm& e¨vsKÕ cy¯Í‡K
mgMÖ we‡k¦ †µwWU BDwbq‡b MVb I cwiPvjbvi g~‡j cvi¯úwiK eÜb‡K PviwU ch©v‡q
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hv GL‡bv `„k¨gvb|
cÖ_gZ:mg-gbv m`m¨/m`m¨v G‡K A‡b¨i cÖwZ
wek¦vmx n‡q wb‡Ri†kqvi Mw”QZ †i‡L g~jab m„wó K‡i †hb wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b Pvwn`v
†gUv‡Z cv‡i| g~jab e„w× I FY Kvh©µg ewjó Kivi Rb¨ mÂq Rgv K‡i|
wØZxqZ:FYMÖnxZv, FY`vZv, Rvwgb`vi mK‡j cvkvcvwk
mnve¯’vb ev emevm K‡i _v‡K| G‡K A‡b¨i
wbKU mycwiwPZ| mvgvwRK fv‡e mK‡ji MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv I m¤§vb i‡q‡Q|
Z„ZxqZ:mvgvwRK eÜb ev Aw½Kvi †_‡K m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨
mg`vwqZ¡‡evaRvMÖZ nq|mvgvwRK eÜb mKj m`m¨‡K FY Kvh©µg mdj Kivi GKUv †PZbv `vb
K‡i, Aw½Kvi K‡i myôz myk„•Lj †jb‡`b Ki‡Z| mvgvwRK eÜb mvgvwRK fv‡e GKUv Pvc
m„wó K‡i †hb ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ kª×vkxj n‡q FY Kvh©µgmn Avw_©K †jb‡`b wbw`©ó wbhg
Kvbyb AbymiY ga¨‡g m¤úbœ K‡i| mvgvwRK eÜb m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ cÖZ¨¶ I Amxg Avw_©K
`vqe×Zv Ges myôz e¨e¯’vcbvi mwµq `vwqZ¡‡eva m„wó K‡i| d‡j m`m¨‡`i Avw_©K
wewb‡qv‡Mi wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i|
PZz_©Z: kw³kvjx mg`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai wfwËi Dci
†ckvMZ `¶Zvi mgš^‡q µwWU BDwbq‡b mKj Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv nq| wewfbœ m`m¨‡`i wewfbœ
‡ckvMZ `¶Zv I mvgvwRK mybvg wb‡R‡`i I mvgv‡Ri Kj¨v‡Y wewb‡qvM Kiv nq|
†µwWU BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡bi Avi¤¢ †_‡K eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ Kvh©µg
myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi ‡¶‡Î m`m¨‡`i msNe× `vq I e܆bi wZbwU †¶Î ev cwi‡ek we‡klfv‡e
wPwýZ n‡q‡Q: ag©cjøx-wfwËK eÜb, mwµq
¶z`ªmgvR-wfwËK eÜb, Kg©¯’j-wfwËK eÜb|
†µwWU BDwbqb aviYvi D™¢vcK Rvg©vwbi Awaevmx
wg.d«vÝ nvigb †kvjm-‡Wwjm (1808 †_‡K 1883 wLªóvã) †UKmB I myiwÿZ FYKvh©µ‡gi
wbivcËv-SzuwKgy³ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i RgvK…Z †kqvi g~jab‡K cÖvavb¨
w`‡q‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg. wd«wWªK DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb (1818 †_‡K
1888 wLªóvã) m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i mgevqx, ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZkÖæwZcvj‡bi
A½xKvi‡K Rvwgb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †kvjm-†Wwjm Zvi Ôw` wccjm& e¨vsKÕ Kvh©µg
Avi¤¢ K‡i‡Qb Avievb ev bMi ev kû‡i GKvjvq ZvB wZwb A‡_©i wbivcËvi Rb¨ †kqvi g~jab msi¶‡Y †ekx
¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z cÖwZ m`m¨ UvKvi As‡K cwigvc‡hvM¨ GKwU cÖZ¨vwkZ †kqvi
g~jab Mw”QZ ivL‡eb †hb mK‡ji A‡_©i wbivcËv wbwðZ nq| wZwb j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb bMivq‡bi
d‡j ¯’vbxq †jvKR‡bi RwgRgv nvZQvov n‡q‡Q Zviv Afvex n‡q c‡i‡Qb Avevi Zv‡`i gv‡S
emwZ ïiæ K‡i‡Qb ewnivMZ gvbylRb myZivs A‡_©i wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z wZwb A‡_©i Dci
†ekx wbf©i K‡i †kqvi g~jab‡K nvwZqvi K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K ivBwd‡mb †Rvov‡jv fv‡e †kqvi
g~ja‡bi Dci wbf©ikxjZvi wec‡¶ hyw³ w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi `„wó wQj MÖvg A‡ji K…lK kªwgK
†R‡j gvbylRb, hviv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvb
†kqvi g~jab Mw”QZ ivL‡Z A¶g| wZwb mvgvwRK eÜb‡K A‡_©i wbivcËvi g~j nvwZqvi
wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e¨e¯’vcbv cl©`‡K mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev†a DÏxwcZ n‡q
†ckvavix `¶Zv I mr cwiPvjbvq KvVv‡gv e¨env‡i †µwWU BDwbq‡bi Avw_©K wbivcËv Ges
‰bwZKZv weav‡b me©`v c¶cvZ wQ‡jb, †hLv‡b ci¯ú‡i mg`vwqZ¡‡eva I mg-AwaKvi e›Ub
†PZbvq DØy×|
Df‡q
mvgvwRK eÜb‡K †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µ‡gi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e MÖnb K‡i‡Qb| kni Rxeb
mvgvwRK eÜb I g~j‡eva PP©vq AwaKZi `ye©j
KviY gvby‡li mvgvwRK ¯’vqxZ¡ Kg ev gvbyl RxweKvi ZvwM‡` hvhvei Rxeb hvcb
K‡i _v‡K d‡j †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µg GLv‡b `ye©j I †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y
e¨_©| Z‡e ivBwd‡mb †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µ‡g mvgvwRK I ag©xq eÜb‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Ges
Kvh©Ki K‡i‡Qb| `jxq ev mvgvwRK Pvc, mvgvwRK wgDPz¨qvj mg_©b Ges my¯’ myk„•Lj
FY‡diZ Kvhµg‡K mvgvwRK g~jab wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb hv †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µg‡K AwaKZi
mPj MwZkxj I mdjZv `vb K‡i| MÖvgxY mgvR e¨e¯’vq g~jab ¯^iƒc mvgvwRK g~j‡eva h_v
mg`vwqZ¡‡eva I mg-AwaKvi e›Ub †PZbv mwµq ZvB †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©eµg MÖvgxb Rxe‡b
AwaKZi mnR I mdj| myZivs †µwWU BDwbqb †UKmB I myiwÿZ FYKvh©µgPjgvb †i‡L mf¨‡`i me©vwaK Avw_©K †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z
mvgvwRK eÜb I ag©xq wek¦vm i¶vKeP wn‡m‡e hy‡M hy‡M me©Rb ¯^xK…Z|
--(৮)--
†µwWU BDwbq‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ cwieZ©b
e¨e¯’vcbv
evsjv‡`k mgevq BwZnv‡m †µwWU BDwbqb Av‡›`vjb
mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ lvU eQi AwZµg K‡i‡Q | †µwWU BDwbqb GKwU e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb,
mgvR MVb Av‡›`vj‡b `xN© lvU eQi mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i wU‡K _vKvB hvi GK cÖKvi mvdj¨|
AšÍiv‡j hv‡`i Ávb `ÿZv AwfÁZv kÖg mgq m„Rbkxj g‡bvfve wewb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q mKj‡K
ï‡f”Qv RvbvB|e`‡j hvIqv, e`‡j †`qv, DbœwZ mvab Kiv eZ©gv‡b
AwZ ¯^vfvweK GKwU cÖZ¨vkv| ZvB msMVb e¨e¯’vcbv wkÿvq M‡elKMY ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb
cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbv (Change Management)bv‡g bZzb wPšÍv-†PZbv
a¨vb-aviYv| KviYcwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbv †h‡Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi µgea©gvb mdjZvi GKwU Ab¨Zg
Acwinvh© Kg©‡KŠkj ev cÖwµqv| mdj cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbv GKRb cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©vi
we‡kl GK ai‡bi mÿgZv| cÖwZôv‡bi cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ bZzb I Abb¨ ai‡bi `ÿ
†bZ„Z¡ I †KŠkjMZ cwiKíbv `iKvi nq| †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †bZv I Kg©KZ©vMY cwieZ©b
e¨e¯’cvbv welqwU wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv K‡i hv‡”Qb, Z‡e cÖwZôvj‡Mœi g~j `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv
AÿzYœ †i‡L Ô†µwWU BDwbqb cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbvÕ wb‡q M‡elYv we‡køl‡Y cÖvavb¨
w`‡q‡Qb| mgvR MVb Av‡›`vjb hw` nq †µwWU BDwbq‡bi m`m¨‡`i Rxebgv‡bi cwieZ©b, Z‡e
we‡kølK A¨vKvig¨vb A¨vÛvimb I A¨vÛvimb wW. Gi ÔcwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbvÕ (2001 wLª.) aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cwieZ©b aviYv wZb
fv‡e wPšÍv Kiv hvq| h_v: GK. hyMmwÜg~jK cwieZ©b (Transitional Change), `yB. Dbœqbg~jK
cwieZ©b (Dedelopmental Change) I wZb.iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b (Transformational
Change)| Dchy©³ wZb ai‡bi cwieZ©b aviYv Abyaveb K‡i †µwWU
BDwbqb m`m¨, †bZv-†bÎx, cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v, M‡elK-we‡kølK I mswkøó e¨w³eM©
mwVK I m„Rbkxj c`‡ÿc MÖn‡YmnvqZv †c‡Z cv‡ib|
GK. hyMmwÜg~jK cwieZ©b(Transitional Change): GK hyM ev mgq ev
ch©vq †_‡K Ab¨ Av‡iK hyM ev mgq ev ch©v‡qi m~Pbv| G cwieZ©b cÖwµqvq cÖPwjZ
mbvZb hš¿cvwZ e¨envi wcQ‡b †i‡L AwaKZi DbœZ I AvaywbK c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi m~Pbv| A_©vr
GK Ae¯’v ev ch©vq †_‡K AviI GK avc Dc‡i DbœxZ nIqv| G ch©v‡qi cwieZ©‡b AÁvb ev
A‡PZb _vKv m‡Ë¡I hy‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbyl-mgvR-msMV‡b bZzb wKQz D™¢vweZ
cÖhyw³ †hvM nq| †hgb : Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, gy‡Vv‡dvb, †dBmeyK BZ¨vw` e¨envi
AvqË Kiv|
`yB. Dbœqbg~jK cwieZ©b(Dedelopmental Change): RvMwZK welq-m¤úwË
w`K †_‡K gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi cwieZ©b, †hgb : AeKvVv‡gv, Lv`¨vf¨vm, †hvMv‡hvM,
Avevmb, cÖhyw³, GgbwK AvPvi-e¨envi, wPËwe‡bv`b, Pjv‡divq †h bZzbZ¡ mshy³
nq| DbœZ I AvaywbK wWwRUvj Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mبenvi K‡i wb‡R‡`i DbœwZ ev DrKl© jvf Kiv| hv gvbyl Rxebhvc‡bi mv‡_ AvqË K‡i
Af¨¯’ n‡q c‡o| GLv‡b wb‡R‡`i `ÿZv, c×wZ, ¸YMZ Kg©‰bcyY¨ AR©b I AvqË Kiv| GLv‡b
`yBwU welq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© : 1. AvaywbK DbœZ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i e¨w³i mÿgZv| 2. e¨w³i
AvMÖn I `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡e hw` Zv hyw³hy³ g‡b K‡i, cÖhyw³ mnRjf¨ nq, DØy× Kiv I
cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
wZb. iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b(Transformational
Change): iƒcvšÍi
n‡jv †gŠwjK cwieZ©b, gvby‡li g‡bi cwieZ©b, hv e¨w³-Rxeb I Rxebhvc‡b
AšÍwb©weó ev AšÍwb©wnZ cwieZ©b| iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ mÁvb, mÿgZv, `ÿZv, g‡bvfve I
Kg©cÖ‡Póv Avek¨K| GUv gvby‡li †MvUv Rxe‡b GK ch©vq †_‡K Ab¨ GK DrKl© I †gŠwjK
ch©v‡q c`vc©Y| iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ e¨w³‡K Zvi Pvicv‡ki gvbyl, Pjgvb e¨e¯’v,
Z_¨-cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© c~Y© mÁvb m‡PZb gbb _vK‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b `ywU welq we‡klfv‡e
g‡b ivLv `iKvi| cÖ_gZ: iƒcvšÍwiZ cwieZ©b n‡Z n‡e gvby‡li Rb¨ gvbe g‡bi iƒcvšÍi|
wØZxqZ: Avw_©K DbœwZ bv‡g gvbexq, mvgvwRK, ag©xq I cwi‡ekMZ w`‡Ki †Kv‡bv Aeÿq
Avbv hv‡e bv|
iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b †KŠkj: iƒcvšÍwiZ cwieZ©‡bi
Rb¨ mycwiKwíZ wZbwU Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb| h_v : welqe¯‘ (Content), gvbyl (People), Kg©cÖwµqv (Process) Avek¨K|
1.welqe¯‘
(Content): Af¨šÍi¯’ †gŠwjK welq ev Dcv`vb, bxwZ| KxKx (What) welq Avek¨K Zv
AšÍfz©³ Kiv|
2.gvbyl (People): e¨w³i Ávb, `ÿZv,
AwfÁZv, Av‡eM, AvPvi-e¨envi, g‡bvfve, D`¨g-Drmvn m¤ú„³KiY| †K (Who) RwoZ _vK‡e|
3. Kg©cÖwµqv (Process): Kg©‡KŠkj,
cwiKíbv, Kg©m~wP, cÖwµqv, c×wZ| Kx fv‡e (How) iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqv
ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e Zvi mywbw`©ó cwiKíbv| gvbyl Kx cÖwµqvq welqe¯‘mg~nev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡j
cÖwZôvb I e¨w³i evwn¨K I Af¨šÍixY iƒcvšÍi NU‡e|
Dch©y³ we‡køl‡Yi Av‡jv‡K
†µwWU BDwbq‡b iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b mK‡ji cÖZ¨vkv wKš‘ †ewki fvM cÖwZôvb
hyMmwÜg~jK cwieZ©b I Dbœqbg~jK cwieZ©b †ewk mg_©b w`‡q _v‡K, KviY Dfq cwieZ©b
AZ¨šÍ `„k¨gvb I mnRZi| wKš‘ iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbvq †bZv I wbev©nx‡`i
mÿgZv, †hvM¨Zv I `ÿZv Acwinvh© Ab¨_vq cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbv e¨_© nIqvi m¤¢vebv
_v‡K| iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b we‡klfv‡e `yBwU we‡klZ¡ jÿ¨Yxq: 1. fwel¨r Ae¯’v
ARvbv, †bZv I wbe©vnxMY cÖwZôv‡bi eZ©gvb hyMjÿY m¤ú‡K© mÁvb I m‡PZb †_‡K
mywbw`©ó jÿ¨ I Kg©cwiKíbv w¯’i Ki‡Z n‡e, 2. †bZv, wbe©vnx I Kg©x‡`i wb‡R‡`i
g‡bi iƒcvšÍi Acwinvh©, Zv‡`i AvPvi-e¨envi I mg‡eZ KvR Kivi be †KŠkj AvqË Ki‡Z
n‡e| iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqvi Dch©y³ `yÕwU we‡klZ¡ Kg©cÖwµqv I gvbe Kg©¯ú„nv‡K
hyMmwÜg~jK I Dbœqbg~jK cwieZ©b †_‡K A‡bK †ewk RwUj, AwbwðZ I Awbqwš¿Z g‡b
nq| Z_vwc Dch©y³ iƒcvšÍi †KŠkj (wele¯‘,
gvbyl I Kg©cÖwµqv) iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b‡K MwZgq, mywbwðZ I wbqš¿Y K‡i cÖZ¨vwkZ
iƒcvšÍi Avbqb mnR K‡i|
iƒcvšÍig~jK cwieZ©b e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqv ïiæ nq †bZv I †bZ…‡Z¡, µgavivq cÖwZôvb Zvici m`m¨-m`m¨v I
djkÖæwZ‡Z mgMÖ ÿz`ª mgvR iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|iƒcvšÍi
cÖwµqvq†µwWU BDwbq‡bi gZ mgevq cÖwZôv‡bÿz`ª mgv‡RimvgwóK g~jab ev w`K
wewb‡qvwRZ nq| mvgwóK g~jab, hv Pvi cÖKvi m¤ú‡`i mgš^qÑ gvbexq, mvgvwRK, ag©xq
Ges Avw_©K w`K| mgevq cÖwZôv‡bAvw_©K g~ja‡bi cvkvcvwk m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i gvbexq,
ag©xq I mvgvwRK g~ja‡biI wewb‡qvM N‡U hv Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Lye ¯úó bq|
gvbexq w`K : Ávb, `ÿZv, AwfÁZv, gvbem¤ú‡`i w`Kmg~n|mvgvwRK w`K: cvi¯úwiK
wek¦vm, mym¤úK©, eÜb, wgkÖ K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ-bxwZ, mybvg| ag©xq w`K : cÖ_gZ-
m„wóKZ©vi Dci AMva Av¯’v I wek¦vm, wØZxqZ- gvbyl‡K wek¦vm Kiv|Avw_©K w`K :
m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i mÂq I †kqvi, KóvwR©Z A‡_©i h_v_© e¨envi| Avw_©K †kqvi-mÂq g~ja‡bi mv‡_ mvgvwRK, gvbweK, ag©xq w`Kmg~n ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i
wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv nq|
†µwWU BDwbqb GKwU
e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, KviY mvgvwRK I gvbexq g~j¨‡ev‡a DØy× m`m¨e„›`
D‡`¨vMx nb mvgwóK (gvbexq, mvgvwRK, ag©xq Ges Avw_©K) cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
e¨w³MZ Avw_©K Ae¯’vi iƒcvšÍi NUv‡Z| we‡klfv‡e Avw_©Kfv‡e wcwQ‡q _vKv A_ev
Ae‡nwjZ m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i Rxebgvb iƒcvšÍ‡ii g~javivq Avm‡Z my‡hvM m„wó nq| †µwWU
BDwbqb aviYvi D™¢veK Rvg©vwbi Awaevmx wg. d«vÝ nvigb †kvjm-‡Wwjm (1808 - 1883
wLª÷vã) †UKmB I myiwÿZ FYKvh©µ‡gi wbivcËv-SzuwKgy³ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`i
RgvK…Z †kqvi g~jab‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK wg. wd«wWªK
DBj‡ng ivBdvB‡mb (1818 - 1888 wLª÷vã) m`m¨/m`m¨v‡`igvbexq, mvgvwRK, mgevqx,
ˆbwZK I ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZkÖæwZcvj‡bi A½xKvi‡K Rvwgb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
myZivs wek¦e¨vcx mgevq cÖwZôv‡b I gvby‡li Rxebgv‡bi iƒcvšÍwiZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨
Avw_©K g~ja‡bi †P‡q gvbexq, mvgvwRK I ag©xq w`‡Ki AMÖvwaKvi me©Rb ¯^xK…Z |
--(৯)--
`qvkxjZv :
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kvh©cwi‡ek
wLª÷wek¦vmx wn‡m‡e wLª÷
whï Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zvui fvjevmv, Z¨vM¯^xKvi I †mevKvR AbyKiY K‡i ¯^Mx©q wcZvi
gZ `qvjy n‡Z AvnŸvb K‡ib (jyK 6:36)| cÖwZw`bKvi Rxebhvc‡b ˆewPΨgq Kv‡R Avgiv
wLª‡÷i AvnŸv‡b mvov `v‡bi my‡hvM cvB, Avgv‡`i KvRmg~‡ni wfwË I cÖKvk wZbwU
Hk¸‡Yi mgš^q, G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ wek¦vm, Avkv I fvjevmv| Avgv‡`i Kv‡R wek¦vm, Avkv I
fvjevmv cÖKvk‡K `qv, `qvi KvR ev `qvkxjZv e‡j _vwK| `qvi KvRmg~n `yB fv‡M wPšÍv
K‡i _vwK- (1) ˆ`wnK `qvi KvR : †hme `qvi KvR A‡b¨i evwn¨K cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y mnvqK I
(2) Ava¨vwZ¥K `qvi KvR : †hme `qvi KvR A‡b¨i gb-ü`q-AvZ¥vi cÖ‡qvRb c~iY K‡i
_v‡K|
mgvRe× Rxe‡b KvR nj KvwqK
I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi dmj hv m¤úv`‡b Kg©xiv cwiZ…ß nq, mgvRe× gvby‡li g½j ev Kj¨vY nq
Ges m„wóKZ©v gnvbyfeZv cÖKvwkZ nq| Kv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wZbwU w`K _vK‡Z cv‡i- (1) gRyix ev †eZbfz³ Kg©xiv kÖ‡gi
wewbg‡q Avw_©K cªwZ`vb cvq hv Øviv Zviv ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y
AvcbRb-cwievi-AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb wb‡R‡`i fiY‡cvlY K‡i (1 wZg_x 5:8)| Kg©xiv Avw_©K
cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡qvMKZ©vi Dci wbf©ikxj, Avevi wb‡qvMKZ©v KvwqK I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi Rb¨
Kg©x‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj| (2) Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g GKRb Kg©x m„wóKZ©vi cÖ`Ë ¸Y, ÿgZv I `ÿZv wewb‡qvwRZ K‡i, m„wóKZ©v G
j‡ÿ¨B gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb I `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb (Avw` 1-2)| myZivs GKRb Kg©x kyaygvÎ
P~ovšÍ Kg©d‡j bq eis KvR m¤úv`b cÖwµqvi cÖwZwU av‡c wb‡Ri AšÍ‡i Avb›` Abyfe
Ki‡e KviY Ck^i Zv‡K `ÿZv I ÿgZv w`‡q‡Qb| (3)Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g g½jevYx cÖPv‡ii my‡hvM m„wó nq KviY wLª÷ whïmgvRM„‡n, cÖKv‡k¨ Rbmg‡ÿ ev Rbmvavi‡Yi
wf‡o evYx cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| wLª÷whïi jÿ¨ wQj- nviv‡bv †gl‡`i †LuvR Kiv, bZzb Rxeb
†`qv I Rxe‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g~j¨‡eva wkÿv `vb Kiv| Avgv‡`i kÖg I KvR m¤ú‡K© ¯^M©xq
wcZvi AšÍi Abyaveb Ki‡Z evB‡e‡ji mnvqK Ask- Avw` cy¯ÍK 1-2, BmvBqv 65, cÖZ¨v‡`k
21-22, G‡dmxq 4 : 11-13, †ivgxq 8;21, Kjmxq 3:23-24 Ges MvjvZxq 5:19-23| myZivs Avgv‡`i ˆ`wnK `qvi KvR I Ava¨vwZ¥K
`qvi KvR Kg©¯’vb I Kg©cwi‡ek‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| iƒcvšÍwiZ Kg©cwi‡ek ˆZwii
Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e †hme w`‡Ki cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:
1. †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© cwi‡ek:cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v I
e¨e¯’vcKMY‡K †meK-†bZ…Z¡ ev iƒcvšÍkxj-†bZ…‡Z¡i fvev`‡k© DÏxwcZ n‡Z n‡e|
mnKg©x‡`i mg`vwqZ¡‡eva †cÖiYvq DÏxwcZ Ki‡Z cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v `„k¨gvb ¯’v‡b
cÖwZôv‡bi `k©b-Kg©cÖ‡Póv wj‡L ivL‡eb, cÖvZ¨wnK Kg©-Kg©x cwiPvjb wbqg-bxwZ my¯úó
wjwLZ _vK‡e, Revew`wnZv I ¯^”QZvi cÖwµqv mnR I Kvh©Ki _vKv Acwinvh©| cÖavb
wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v I e¨e¯’vcKM‡Yi wbi‡cÿZv I my¯úóZv Kg©cwi‡ek I mnKg©x‡`i myiwÿZ
ivL‡e|
2. Hk AbyMÖ‡n bevwqZ Kg©Rxeb: Kg© m¤úv`‡b
Kg©x‡`i gb cwiZ…wß jvf K‡i, Kv‡R gvby‡li Kj¨vY mvwaZ nq Ges m„wóKZ©v gnvbyfeZv
cÖKvwkZ nq| ZvB w`‡bi Avi‡¤¢ mK‡j wbw`©ó RvqMvq mg‡eZ n‡q ÿz`ª cªv_©bvq wcZv
Ck^‡ii `qv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g w`b Avi¤¢ Kiv hvq| Kg©x‡`i g‡bi bevqbwfwËK GK NÈvi
Abya¨vb wbqwgZfv‡e cÖwZgv‡m Av‡qvRb Kiv, wbqwgZ Ava¨vwZ¥K cwiPvjb e¨e¯’v ivLv,
fvj eB‡qi ÿz`ª jvB‡eªwi e¨e¯’v K‡i Kg©x‡`i evwo‡Z eB wb‡q covi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq|
3. KZ©„c‡ÿi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨: wLª÷ wek^vmx wn‡m‡e, Zuvi
LvwZ‡iB Avgiv DaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡ÿi AbyMZ _vwK, AbyMZ _vKvi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Rxe‡b
Kg©¯’‡j wLª÷evYxi g~j¨‡eva cÖKvk Kwi| GgbwK hviv `i`x KZ…©cÿ ïay Zv‡`i bq eis
KZ…©cÿ hw` e`‡gRvRx nb Zv‡`iI (1 wcZi 2:1-25)| KviY Avgiv KvR‡K fvj‡e‡m
ci‡gk^‡ii †me‡Ki g‡ZvB KvRKg© Kwi, wZwb Avgv‡`i GKvR Kivi `ÿZv I ÿgZv w`‡q‡Qb
Avi Avgiv Zuvi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡qwQ| Ggb Kg©Rxeb Ab¨‡`i `„wó †Lv‡j w`‡e, wLª‡÷i
cÖwZ wek^vmx n‡Z mnvqK n‡e|
4. PvUy ePbcwinvi Kiæb: cÖwZôv‡bi fvjg›` welq
wb‡q cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v I e¨e¯’vcK‡`i mnvqZv Kiæb| wKš‘ AhvwPZ PvUzKvwiZvi
¯^fve m¤ú‡K© mZK© _vKzb| Kv‡Ri mgq Ah_v KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU e‡m mgq bó bv K‡i eis
Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z w`b Ges wb‡R fvj KvR Kiæb, Kv‡R m„Rbkxj wPšÍv Kiæb, Aemi mg‡q
DÏxcbvg~jK †jLv c‡o bZzb wPšÍv AvniY Kiæb|
5. K‡Vvi cwikÖgB Hk Kg©kw³i cÖKvk: wek^vmx
gvbyl KvR K‡i wb‡Ri Kg©kw³‡Z bq eis AšÍ‡i RvMÖZ m„wóKZ©vi Hk Kg©kw³B Zvi Kv‡Ri
g~j PvwjKv kw³| ZvB AvcÖvY mvabv, cwikªg,cÖ‡Póv AšÍ‡i RvMÖZ ivLv gv‡b Ck^‡ii
cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i cÖKvk (Kjmxq 1:27-29)|
6. cvi¯úwiK hZœkxjZv: mnKg©x‡`i cvi¯úwiK
hZœkxjZv m¤úK© e„w× K‡i| GKmv‡_ wUwdb I `ycy‡ii Lvevi MÖnY Kiæb| GK‡Î mgq
KvUv‡bvi gva¨‡g G‡K Ab¨‡K †QvU †QvU †mev I mnfvwMZv K‡i wb‡R‡`i `qvkxjZv
cÖKv‡ki my›`i my‡hvM _v‡K|
7. Drmvng~jK Dcnvi: mnKg©x‡`i we‡kl
¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`b-Zvwi‡L (Rb¥w`‡b, weevn evwl©Kx, we‡kl m¤§vb AR©b) ÿz`ª KvW©,
Kv‡W© my›`i A_©c~Y© ï‡f”Qv Dw³ ev cweÎ evB‡e‡ji K_v wbR nv‡Z wj‡L cvVv‡bv hvq|
A‡bK Kg©Rxex-‡ckvRxex e¨w³ cÖwZw`b A‡bK wPwVcÎ cvb wKš‘ wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ wel‡q wb‡R
hLb Ggb wKQz cv‡e ZLb A‡bK Drmvn wb‡q MÖnY K‡i DÏxwcZ n‡eb|
8. mvšÍ¡bvg~jK AvPiY: mnKg©x hLb msKUgq mgq
(`yN©Ubv, cvwievwiK `ytmgq, Amy¯’Zv) AwZµg K‡i ZLb †`L‡Z hvIqv, cv‡k _vKv,
†LuvR-Lei †bqv, mn‡hvwMZv Kiv, Kv‡W© mvšÍ¡bv evYx †cÖi‡Yi gva¨‡g wLª‡÷i mvšÍ¡bv cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
9. AwZw_ermj g‡bvfve †cvlY:mggbvmnKg©xiv GK‡Î wb‡Ri
evwo‡Z wPËwe‡bv`b my‡hvMm„wó, GK‡Î Lvevi Av‡qvRb, †eov‡Z hvIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv ev †Kv‡bv †Ljvayjvi
Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g A‡b¨i Rxeb‡K Avb›`gq Kivi D¾¡j f~wgKv cvjb Kiv hvq|
10. †mŠRb¨g~jK kã e¨envi: A‡b¨i wbKU †_‡K †Kv‡bv
cÖvwßi Rb¨ Ôab¨ev`Õ Ô¯^vMZÕ Ggb
†mŠRb¨m~PK kã e¨envi wb‡R‡`i m¤úK© my›`i K‡i| BwZevPK K_v ejv, BwZevPK kã
e¨envi, †bvsiv kã cwinvi, mgv‡jvPbvg~jK K_v bv ejv, wePviwK K_v-evZ©v cwinvi
Kg©cwi‡ek my›`i iv‡L| cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Movi †mZzeÜb wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K wewb‡qvwRZ
ivL‡Z m‡Pó _vKzb|
11. `jxqKiY g‡bvfve Z¨vM: mnKg©x‡`i gv‡S †ckvMZ welq
wb‡q `jxqKiY g‡bvfve cÖKvkK‡i cÖavb wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v I e¨e¯’vcKMY‡`i weeªZKi
Ae¯’vq †d‡j bv w`‡q eis mg`vwqZ¡‡eva †cÖiYv‡Z DØy× n‡q mgvav‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
Kiæb| wLª÷B Avgv‡`i AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb †hb cybwg©wjZ nB, Avi cybwg©j‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kwi
(2 Kwiš’xq 5:18-21)|
12. ˆah©kxjZv: Kg©¯’‡j †Kv‡bv msKU, †Kv‡bv msKUg~jK
KvR mgvavb Ki‡Z Ck^‡ii wbKU we‡kl Kg©kw³ I Aby‡cÖiYv Kvgbv Kiæb †hb AwZwi³ Pvc
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mnKg©xiv Avcbvi Rxe‡bi wfbœZv Dcjwä Ki‡e|
13. mwµq †kÖvZv n‡q Abyaveb Kiæb: cÖ_‡g Avcbvi
cwiPvjbvKvix cweÎ AvZ¥vi cwiPvjb evK¨ AšÍ‡i kÖeY Kiæb Ges mnKg©x‡`i K_v
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbvi Af¨vm Kiæb| mnKg©x‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv msKUKvjxb mg‡q mnfvwMZv
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Z †Póv Kiæb Ges wPšÍvkxj mwVK civgk© w`b| msKU DËiYg~jK eB,
†jLv Dcnvi †`qv hvq|
14. Mvox‡Z ågY mgq: mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ GKB
Mvox‡Z ågY mgqwU Rxe‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K wb‡q mnfvwMZv ev gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki GKwU Ac~e©
my‡hvM wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiæb|
15. wLª÷ wek^vmx Rxeb: Avcbvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖwZwU
c`‡ÿ‡c wLª‡÷i evYxi g~j¨‡eva AbymiY Kiæb|
Avcbvi wek^vm Ab¨‡`i `„wó †Lv‡j w`‡e wLª‡÷i cªwZ wek^vmx n‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
16. cªv_©bvkxjZv: mnKg©xiv hLb mgm¨v wb‡q
mnfvwMZv K‡i ZLb cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Kiæb, cÖv_©bvi KvW© †_‡K GK‡Î cÖv_©bv
Kiæb, cÖv_©bv KvW© Dcnvi w`‡q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb, Dcvmbvj‡q wM‡q Zvi Rb¨
cÖv_©bv Kiæb Ges wKQzw`b ci Zvi mgm¨vi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi †LvuR wbb|
Kg©¯’‡j Kg©cwi‡e‡k
cÖwZw`b ÿz`ª ÿy`ª `qvi KvR Avgv‡`i wLª÷wek¦vmx Rxeb A_©c~Y© K‡i, `qvq gvbyl n‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i, Avgiv `qvjy n‡q DwV| `qvi KvR Avgv‡`i AšÍ‡ii Ck¦i †cÖg I gvbe
†cÖ‡gi cÖKvk NUvq| Avgv‡`i wKQz wKQz `qvkxjZv Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek, Kg©¯’j, Avgv‡`i
mgvRe× Rxe‡b iƒcvšÍi G‡b w`‡Z cv‡i| GBRb¨B Avgiv n‡q D‡VwQ we‡kl gvbyl ¯^qs
ci‡gk^‡ii RvwZ, wZwbAvgv‡`i cÖwZwbqZ AvnŸvb Ki‡Qb †hb Avgv‡`i Rxeb I KvR w`‡q
ZuviB mg¯Í gnvKxwZ©i K_v cÖPvi Kwi (1 wcZi 2: 9-10)|
--(১০)--
cÖm½ †µwWU BDwbq‡b MYZš¿ :
w`‡b w`‡b
AmwnòzZv evo‡Q
1) wnmveKvj aviYv
Abymi‡Y RyjvB-Ryb mgq‡K cÖwZôv‡bi wnmveeQi aiv nq| Zvici wnmvemsµvšÍ wbixÿvKvh©
mgvß K‡i †µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡ni evwl©K mvaviY
mfv Av‡qvRb Pj‡Z _v‡K| wgkbwfwËK †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n †h‡nZz e„n`vqZb (g~jab I
m`m¨msL¨v) ZvB Mªv‡g-MÖv‡g, cvovq-cvovq, gnjøvq-gnjøvq m`m¨MY †µwWU BDwbqb
msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbvq mie | Avi hw` wbe©vPbKvj _v‡K Z‡e c‡ÿ-wec‡ÿ wb‡R‡`i
g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbvi So e‡q P‡j| wkï-wK‡kvi m`m¨‡`iI †Ljvi Dcv`v‡b †hvM n‡Z
†`Lv hvq wbe©vPb cÖZxK I wbe©vPb gnov| †h m`m¨MY M„n¯’vjx KvR-`vwqZ¡ Qvov
mvgvwRK Ab¨me Bmy¨ Gwo‡q hvb, ZvivI wi‡eU, jf¨vsk, gybvdv, †`bv-cvIbv wnmv‡e
cvi`k©x n‡q D‡Vb| m`m¨‡`i mg-AwaKvi †PZbv cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i †hgb fvj jv‡M, wKš‘ evwl©K
mvaviY mfvq AskMÖn‡Y Abxnv †`‡L nZvk n‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv evwl©K mvaviY mfv mgvw߇Z
m`m¨MY hLb Z…wß wb‡q N‡i wd‡ib ZLb mgvRe× gvby‡li g~j¨‡eva PP©vi D¾¡j w`KUv
dz‡U D‡V, Avevi AZ…wß, Awgj, Ø›Ø, we‡f` g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq †W‡K Av‡b| Avi g~j¨‡ev‡ai
Mfxi ÿq gv‡b gbyl¨‡Z¡i Mfxi msKU m„wó| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †Kv_vI †Kv_vI bvbvfv‡e †mB msKU
we`¨gvb, A_ev c~e©vfvm †`Lv hv‡”Q|
2)†µwWU
BDwbqb MYZvwš¿K g~jbxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx msMVb| m`m¨‡`i MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y-bxwZ †µwWU
BDwbqb Dbœqb cÖwµqv‡K Ab¨vb¨ e¨emv msMVb I c×wZ †_‡K AwaKZi RwUjZv m„wó K‡i‡Q|
cÖwZwnsmvcivqb †bZ„Z¡, `jxq gZv`k©, wewPÎ †ckvq RwoZ m`m¨ve„›`, eûwewPÎ I
SuzwKc~Y© e¨emvwqK †mev Kvh©µg e¨vwßi Dci MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv I e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi
Aw¯’iZvi ZviZg¨ wbf©i K‡i| eZ©gv‡b †µwWU BDwbqbmg~‡ni Avw_©K Kvh©µ‡gi cvkvcvwk
cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z mvgvwRK, ag©xq I `jxqKiY gZv`k© we`¨gvb| eû‡Mvôx-mgvRwfwËK
†µwWU BDwbqbmg~n cwiPvjbvq e¨emvwqK aviYv †ewk `„k¨gvb, Avevi ag©cjøxwfwËK ev
ag©xq-m¤úª`vqwfwËK †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n mvgvwRK fvebvi cÖvavb¨ jÿYxq| Ab¨w`‡K
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq mKj †µwWU BDwbq‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ `jxqKiY gZv`‡ki© cÖfve Lye †ewk
RwUjZv `vb Ki‡Q| m‡e©vcwi m`m¨‡`i MYZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y-bxwZi AÁZv-Aw¯’iZv †`‡ki
eûmsL¨K †µwWU BDwbq‡bi Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv SuywKc~Y© Ae¯’v‡b †V‡j w`‡”Q| wbe©vPb‡K
†K›`ª K‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgv‡R, we‡kl we‡kl †kªwYi gvby‡li gv‡S we‡f` m„wó n‡”Q|
ZvB AvR †jLvq cÖengvY MYZš¿, wbe©vPb-c~e© I DËi cwi‡ek wb‡q `yÕGKUv Abyaveb
mnfvwMZv Ki‡Z PvB|
3) hy³iv‡ói †cªwm‡W›U
wbev©Pb AbywôZ n‡q †Mj| AevK we¯§‡q jÿ¨ K‡iwQ evsjv‡`‡ki †Q‡j-ey‡ov mK‡j,
Uªv¤ú-wnjvwi wb‡q c‡ÿ-wec‡ÿ wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbvi So e‡q w`‡”Q|
wbev©Pb-MYš¿Z-ivRbxwZ‡Z AÁ RbMYI GKgv‡mi g‡a¨ Afvebxq weÁZv jvf Kij| wbe©vP‡b
Rq-civRq Av‡Q, Av‡MI n‡q‡Q, n‡eI| wKš‘ Rq jv‡fi c×wZMZ ÔAv`k©Õ I Ôe¨e¯’vÕ wb‡q
Rbg‡b mskq c‡i AvZ¼iƒ‡c †`Lv w`j| mvaviY RbMY †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i we‡kølKMY cÖZ¨ÿ
K‡i‡Qb MYZš¿ ÔAv`k©Õ wn‡m‡e av°v †L‡q‡Q Avi Ôe¨e¯’vÕ wn‡m‡e cÖkœwe× n‡q‡Q|
Zzi‡¯‹i Gi‡`vqvb, fvi‡Zi †gvw`, wdwjcvB‡bi `yZv‡Z© Avi GLb hy³iv‡ói Uªv¤ú mK‡jB
MYZš¿ Aej¤^‡b, RbM‡Yi †fv‡U, ˆea iv‡q wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| †mev Kivi AwaKvi AR©b K‡i‡Qb,
wKš‘ ÿgZv ev KZ…©Z¡ cÖ‡qvM Kivi mb` cvbwb| Z‡e ev¯Í‡e KZ©„Z¡ev`x AvPiY my¯úó,
we‡f` `„k¨gvb| ZvB msKU, ksKv Pjgvb|
4) Gw`‡K wbR †`‡ki Ae¯’v Avgiv mK‡j Abyaveb Ki‡Z
cvwi| cvwK¯Ívb mgq †_‡KB Avgiv wKZvwe MYZ‡š¿i e¨vL¨v gyL¯’ K‡i Af¨¯Í| cvwK¯Ívb
Avg‡j kvwmZ n‡q‡Q KL‡bv ˆ¯^ivPvix, KL‡bv mvgwiK KZ©„‡Z¡ Avevi †emvgwiK QÙ‡e‡k|
d‡j MY-RvMiY, MY-Av‡›`vjb, MY-Afz¨Ìvb †kl Aewa iYv½‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| mk¯¿ gyw³hy×
K‡i Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| RbMY †f‡ewQj †`‡ki Dci e‡q hv‡e MYZ‡š¿i
myevZvm, Zv‡Z Avgiv k¦vm wb‡Z cvi‡ev, mwZ¨Kv‡ii MYZvwš¿K †`‡k Avgiv emevm Kie|
¯^vaxbZvi c‡i e½eÜzi MYZvwš¿K c`‡ÿcmg~n evavcÖvß nq| Zvici Avev‡iv ˆ¯^ikvmK,
mvgwiK KZ©„Z¡ Ges †emvgwiK QÙ‡e‡k †`‡ki MYZ‡š¿i AvwfhvÎv †nuvPU Lvq evi evi|
†`k‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi †`k‡cÖg, gvbe‡cÖg I MYZvwš¿K Av`k© I g~j¨‡eva cÖwZôvq Zuvi
AvšÍwiKZvi KgwZ †bB| Zey †`‡ki ¯^v‡_© gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y †`‡k GK cÖKvi wbqwš¿Z I
KZ©„Z¡ev`x MYZš¿ kvm‡bi ga¨w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax Ackw³‡K iæL‡Z n‡”Q| Av`wk©K
MYZ‡š¿i myevZvm Avgiv KL‡bv cvBwb, wKš‘ GL‡bv wbivk nBwb|
5) ZvB we‡k¦ †hgb, Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Zgb, GgbwK
Avgv‡`i ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bI
MYZ‡š¿i ÔAv`k©Õ I Ôe¨e¯’vÕ wb‡q Rbg‡b mskq, ksKv †e‡oB hv‡”Q| MYZ‡š¿
Av`k© I MYZ‡š¿ e¨e¯’v cÖkœwe× KviY †fvUvi‡`i ivq wb‡Ri ev‡· XzKv‡Z cÖPviYvq
†hme Bmy¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡”Q Zv MYZvwš¿K Av`‡k©i m‡½ wgj †bB| cÖPviYvi welq
wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bIqv n‡”Q ag©, RvwZ, m¤úª`vq, †ckv, e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK ¯úk©KvZi
welq| cÖwZôvbwfwËK MYZš¿ PP©vq †jvKej g‡bvbq‡b ev evQvB‡q `ÿZv-†hvM¨Zvi †P‡qI
AvbyM‡Z¨i cÖvavb¨ †ewk, hv‡Z eZ©gv‡b PvUzKvwiZvi AvwaK¨ Av‡iv D¾¡j| A‡gavex
Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡”Q †gavexiv, †Kv_vI †Kv_vI g~L©‡`i gyLiZvq †gavexiv wb¯úªf|
Dch©y³ msKU, ksKv, ÿq we‡k^ MfxiZi n‡”Q, †`‡ki gvby‡li gv‡S B‡Zvg‡a¨ bvbvfv‡e
dz‡U DV‡Q, cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡ek `„k¨gvb n‡”Q| †h me mgvR-cÖwZôvb-e¨w³eM©‡K mvaviY
gvbyl Av`©k wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Avm‡Q ZvivI g~j¨‡eva PP©vq `ye©j-mswKZ, ZvivI
we‡f‡`i c_ †e‡Q wb‡”Q| Avgv‡`i mvg‡b evwZNi wbfz wbfz Aw¯’i, Avgv‡`i fve‡Z n‡e|
DrK…ó MYZš¿ e¨nZ n‡”Q, Av`k© nviv‡”Q, e¨e¯’v KjywlZ d‡j w`‡b w`‡b AmwnòzZv
evo‡Q| Ggb †cÖÿvc‡U Avw_©K †mev cÖwZôvb †µwWU BDwbq‡b MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g †mevi
AwaKvi AwR©Z n‡”Q bvwK ÿgZvi KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZôv cv‡”Q?
6) †µwWU BDwbq‡bi
Kg©dj we‡kølK, M‡elK, Dc‡`óv, mgvR‡bZv-†bÎx I m`m¨e„›` mK‡jB †µwWU BDwbq‡bi
Avw_©K †mev Kvh©K‡g©i mdjZvi w`KwU ¯^xKvi K‡i _v‡Kb| Avevi D‡Ø‡Mi KviY n‡q
D‡V‡Q: FY e¨e¯’vcbvq mbvZb cÖwµqv, FY Kvh©µ‡g A¯^”QZv, gvÎvwZwi³ †Ljvcx FY,
†bZ…‡Z¡ bZzb‡`i Abycw¯’wZ ev Abxnv, †bZ…‡Z¡ Ø›Ø, ci¯úiwe‡ivax AvPiY I
e¨e¯’vcbvq `jxq cÖwZwnsmvg~jK we‡iva I wbe©vPb-MYZš¿| †µwWU BDwbq‡b m¤ú„³ mK‡ji
g‡bi iƒcvšÍi nIqvi mgq G‡m‡Q| Ab¨_vq hyM hyM a‡i M‡o DVv AZxe cÖ‡qvRbxq Avw_©K
†mev cÖwZôvbwUi h_v_© A_©‡mev Kvh©µg w`‡b w`‡b e¨nZ n‡e| GKw`b †µwWU BDwbq‡bi
D¾¡j w`Kmg~n AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †µwWU BDwbq‡b mwµq ¶z`ª mgvR MV‡bi †gŠwjK I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz aviYv I
cÖwµqv (AbymiY: Lªxóxq mgvR MVb `j) Avgv‡`i me©`v g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
7) †µwWU BDwbqb Kvh©µg ïiæi ¯’vb I Rb‡Mvwô eZ©gvb
†cÖ¶vcU †_‡K wfbœ wQj, BD‡iv‡ci weivU Rb‡Mvwô wLª÷ a‡g© wek¦vmx wQj| GKUv
Rb‡Mvwô ag©xq wek¦vm †_‡K `~‡i P‡j wM‡q Ab¨‡`i Dci Ryjyg Pvwj‡q A‡_©i cvnvo M‡o
weËkvjx n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j m„ó nq weËevb I weËnxb †kªwY, m„wó nq we‡f`, evo‡Z _v‡K
e¨eavb| †µwWU BDwbqb cÖwZôvZvMY AwfÁZv jvf K‡ib †h GB fvimvg¨nxbZvi g~‡j wQj
ag©xq wek¦vm I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q| ZvB Zviv cweÎ evB‡e‡j wkl¨PwiZ MÖ‡š’ 2:42-47
Ges 4:32-37 c‡` ewY©Z Avw` gÐjxi ˆewkó¨mg~‡n AbycÖvwYZ n‡q GKB g~j¨‡ev‡ai
Av‡jv‡K bZzb fveavivq mwµq mgvR MV‡b wb‡ew`Z nb| evB‡e‡j Dc¯’vwcZ †Riækv‡j‡g
wLªw÷q mgvR ev Avw` gÐjxi wbR¯^ K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi gv‡S ¶y`ª ¶y`ª `‡j emevm KiZ|
Avw` gÐjxi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ nj ¶y`ª `j ev mgvR|
8)mwµq ¶z`ª mgvR MV‡bi
‰ewkó¨ : mwµq ¶z`ª mgvR MV‡bi PviwU †gŠwjK
ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨-
Ø
cÖ_g ˆewkó¨ : m`m¨iv ci¯úi cÖwZ‡ekx, G‡K A‡b¨i
Dci wbf©i, GK‡Î wb‡Ri gv‡S jyKvwqZ e„nËi kw³i cÖKvk NUvq|
Ø
wØZxq ˆewkó¨ : ag©xq wek¦vm I cweÎ kv‡¯¿i evYx
AšÍ‡i a¨vb I mnfvwMZv ¶z`ª mgv‡Ri †K›`ªwe›`y|
Ø
Z„Zxq ˆewkó¨ : ¶z`ª mgvR GKm‡½ KvR K‡i,
¯^qsm¤ú~Y© mgvR, cwic~Y© mgvR, ¯’vbxq mgvR|
Ø
PZz_© ˆewkó¨ : mwµq
¶z`ª mgvR wek¦Rbxb mgv‡Ri m‡½ m¤úK©hy³|
9)mwµq ¶z`ª mgv‡R
†bZv-†bÎx MVb bxwZgvjv : †bZv-†bÎx MV‡bi PviwU bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| †hLv‡b
¯^”Q Av‡jvPbv, mK‡ji m¤§wZ I AskMÖnY `iKvi|
Ø
cÖ_g bxwZgvjv : †bZv-†bÎx msMÖ‡ni cÖwµqv ev
Dcvq wZbwU-
·
cÖwµq - 1 : wb‡qvMcÖvß †bZv-†bÎx (Appointed
Leadership) |
·
cÖwµq - 2 : †¯^”Qv‡mex †bZv-†bÎx (Volunteer
Leadership) |
·
cÖwµq - 3 : wbev©wPZ †bZv-†bÎx (Voting
leadership) |
Ø
wØZxq bxwZgvjv : mwµq
¶z`ª wL&ªw÷q mgv‡Ri †bZ…Z¡ nj M‡o DVv †bZ…Z¡ (Emerging
Leadership) |
Ø
Z…Zxq bxwZgvjv : mwµq
¶z`ª mgv‡Ri †bZ…Z¡ nj iƒcvšÍikxj `jxq †bZ…Z¡ (Transformational
Team Leadership)
|
Ø
PZz_© bxwZgvjv : mwµq
¶z`ª mgv‡Ri †bZ…Z¡ Aek¨B cvjvµ‡g †bZ…Z¡ (Rotating Leadership)
n‡Z n‡e|
10) †µwWU BDwbq‡bi RbK dv`vi Pvj©m †R Bqvs
wmGmwm-Gi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZwôZ wgkbwfwËK †µwWU BDwbqbmg~n mvd‡j¨i cÂvk eQi myeY©RqšÍx
Drme D`&hvcb K‡i P‡j‡Q| e¨wZµgag©x Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e cÂvk eQi `xN© mgq
AwZevwnZ K‡i wU‡K _vKvB GK cÖKvi mvdj¨ hv me©Rb¯^xK…Z| AšÍiv‡j hv‡`i Ávb, `ÿZv, AvwfÁZv, kÖg, mgq I
m„Rbkxj g‡bvfve wewb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q mKj‡KB mvayev` I ï‡f”Qv RvbvB|G mvdj¨ Ae¨nZ ivL‡Z †bZv-†bÎx‡`i †mev AwaKvi AR©b
cÖwµqvq `vwqZ¡kxj nevi my‡hvM G‡m‡Q| Pjgvb MYZš¿
(Av`k©nxb e¨e¯’v) Avgv‡`i‡K †mev AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi w`‡K bvwK ÿgZvi KZ…©Z¡ev`x c‡_ †V‡j w`‡”Q| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
†µwWU BDwbqb mgv‡Ri Avw_©K wfwË myiwÿZ iv‡L †hb
ag©cjøxi wLª÷wek^vmx‡`i Ava¨vwZ¥K Abykxjb my`„p nq, Ab¨_vq msKU, ksKv, AmwnòzZv
w`‡b w`‡b †e‡oB Pj‡e|
